求<<紅與黑》的英文讀后感,1000字左右。
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紅與黑讀后感 范文一: Read the red and black is a time too long process, because time already gave writers and works most selfless and impartial judge, I like reading attitude to bestseller since can't, and can't be like that unbridled fiction was noncommittal on that. I'm in with the mind talking with that era, the key is in history outside of the inquiry and thinking. Lead me finish the book is gnaw its own great charm. The authors from a paper simple criminal case showed that time data broader social screen, turn an ordinary criminal improve to early nineteenth century French bourgeoisie social system, make the level of the research history and philosophy. Novel makes me see history books in curt inability to feel, that France and bourgeois big noble alternating the key period of ruling the condition. I learn realistic works of another kind of artistic characteristics of the world of people - 1783 stendhal soul dialectics; This and I had from the high old man , ouye ni · lattice lang sets of Balzac in the experience caused a person's circumstances very different. The most dazzling encyclopedia is literary history famous characters, in SuoLeiEr natural is even higher, civilian background, culture, as happened with the hostess governess, relationships, dew, the shot that lover, was sentenced to death is his life's skeleton, pursue happy warm and perseverance and class differences revolt showed almost hero's spirit is moving flesh and blood. The author USES desalt material description and highlight the gimmick of mind tracking, it is to strengthen the impulse even in youth pursuit of the hero's dream experience, this is the social form of resistance, but also for proudlly, our lost youth rebellion. For ambition in social reality when hampering only two choices: retreats or resistance. Those small staff in advance, not all the youth is complaining life tedious withdraws person, they maybe mediocrity comfortably was social forward eliminated. Can continually establish a life goal, decided to achieve the ideal of life is and YuLianYou masculine-looking same protesters. The era of course not welcome false words as the method, but still need enthusiasm for life to oppose empty to live. So, in the end even tragic except shows personal rebellion won't work outside, the more practical significance in today's society. Write so far, leads to the novel to a firsts -- made with DE pepe reina in even Mrs spiritual love and to connect with DE la Moore young lady mind love set each other off becomes an interest. Although the two aristocratic way of love, a very different deep, a frantic, they in these two basic points is consistent, that is: to this class of disgust, MenFa system and rebellious feudal. Remember when julien jeanvier find their love is morphing into vanity said I put their tools can be destroyed, after the detail is a proud with malicious expression between the most sincere quickly replaced the most intense love, look. The noble from miss is always slow as the tortoise climb, like life, with a loss of dignity method. Evoked love Book two paragraphs of tragic love has always been with the progress of the upstart dominated and even inferiority in the suspect, until brought life shall be the end, love that broke the futility of primitive sparks, a illnesses. When I will put pen to write with consciousness, found that when the time already can feel with the time with a psychic reading the original compared. I'm excited to gain against mediocre revelation, moved by those although distortion and still heroic love segments. When someone mentioned red and black, I can proudly in response to I read behind plus a I also YanJuan meditation of. 紅與黑讀后感 范文二: In even the fate of bellaire. Cable gladne affects me. Throughout his extremely short, but is full of twists of young life, flowing turmoil with too many contradictions and complex. To this, people can make a lot of judgment -- a small SiYouZhe blind pursue personal interests tragedy. An ambitious destruction; A feudal fighter sacrifice, etc. All have views, but are sensible. I think, said even a individualism in would be nice but ambitious than a the pursuit of happiness and unfortunate went wrong people more precisely. Natural this wrong not simply take a memorized the means of social morality, but from his mind deeper contradictions essence. Even in all his life in the pursuit of happiness. Though he, but humble origins to education, and by good with outstanding wisdom, so his future in the so-called these parisians of society. What is happiness, and how to achieve happiness, is puzzling humanity for thousands of years, also puzzling our in even. In their mind, happiness and no exact standard, just in his deceit, in his vigilance, his another battle plan in its implementation. He is the first out of the abuse and happiness, custom for Mrs. Leonard lauder's front perform some responsibility and happiness, as proud mathilde in front of your happiness, for yield fictions and happy again the hell. He desire happiness, eager to rocketing, he vowed that he would rather die a thousand times will make a meteoric rise. Therefore, he made a and a war plan, use all sorts of false means, he superman wisdom play incisively and vividly. But after all, he is a good young plant, so in often of happiness, he will ask yourself, deeply remorse. Therefore, his plan always loopholes, always questionable. It is found that even in this kind of happiness in the standard in society and others standard for the standard, the pursuit of others and the society admits. In essence, he didn't get much joy and happiness, on the contrary make him in a tense state, just feel happy to the extreme, running in excitement, an ambitious ecstasy realization, just a moment's passion, the rest is thinking about then should make a plan. These so-called happiness is only in summons, even to sacrifice the representation essence. When he thought Mrs. Leonard lauder's letter ruined his happiness, he thought of revenge, was eventually put into prison. Instead, make him in prison released from social bondage, freedom. He unloaded all camouflage and masks a bygone, find the true self, also found the essence of happiness. He gave up the escape and appeal, can sincerely treat every friend, frankly, in death. For in the love, we also even with strong interest. Because in the successful happiness then destruction even with his love of close contact. His two lovers - Mrs. Leonard lauder's and mathilda with short and struggle of life, so might as well to see even respectively with the two lovers in the romance. Julien jeanvier and Mrs. Leonard lauder's love for her even began to temptation. At first, he just in the performance of the so-called responsibility, this is a kind of noble Lord retaliation, a vanity of satisfy. But Mrs. Leonard lauder's the kind, honest, gentle deeply moved to even. A period of time, he fell madly in love with Mrs. Leonard lauder's. Unfortunately this loving and soon occupied by various ambition, until finally and grubby, outbreaks. 紅與黑讀后感 范文一: 讀《紅與黑》是一段太過漫長的過程,因為時間已給了作家和作品最無私而又公正的評判,我的閱讀態(tài)度自不能像對暢銷書那樣肆無忌憚,又不能像對言情小說那樣不置可否。
我是在用心靈去與那個時代交談,重點也放在歷史以外的探究和思考。
引領(lǐng)我啃完著本書的是其本身的巨大魅力。
作者從一紙簡單的刑事案件資料中展示出那個時代廣闊的社會畫面,把一個普通的刑事罪行提高到對十九世紀(jì)初期法國資產(chǎn)階級社會制度,進行歷史和哲學(xué)研究的水平。
小說令我看到在生硬的歷史書上無法感受的,那段法國大貴族和資產(chǎn)階級交替執(zhí)政的關(guān)鍵時期的狀況。
我從中了解到現(xiàn)實主義作品的另一種藝術(shù)特色——司湯達傾心的人的“靈魂辨證法”;這與以往我從《高老頭》、《歐也妮·格朗臺》中體會的巴爾扎克的“造成一個人的境遇”有很大不同。
全書最耀眼也是文學(xué)史上著名的人物自然是于連·索雷爾,“平民出身,較高文化,任家庭教師,與女主人發(fā)生戀情,事露,槍殺戀人,被判死刑”是他一生的骨架,“追求”幸福的“熱情”和“毅力”、對階級差異的反抗所表現(xiàn)出近乎英雄的氣概就是動人的血肉。
作者用淡化物質(zhì)描寫而突出心靈跟蹤的手法強化的,正是于連處在青年的沖動下追求“英雄的夢想”經(jīng)歷,這是對那個社會形態(tài)的反抗,也是對碌碌無為、虛度青春的反抗。
在社會現(xiàn)實阻礙實現(xiàn)抱負時只有兩種選擇:退避或是反抗。
那些當(dāng)著小職員不求上進、整天抱怨生活乏味的青年就是退避者,他們或許平庸得舒適卻被社會的前進所淘汰。
能不斷樹立人生目標(biāo)、決定實現(xiàn)人生理想的便是和于連有同樣氣概的反抗者。
這個時代當(dāng)然不歡迎虛偽的言行作為手段,但仍然需要對生活的熱情來反抗空虛的度日。
這樣,于連悲劇性的結(jié)局除了昭示“個人反抗行不通”外,就有了對當(dāng)今社會更實際的意義。
寫至此,不得不引到這部小說的一個“創(chuàng)舉”——使于連與德·雷納爾夫人“心靈的愛情”和于連與德·拉莫爾小姐“頭腦的愛情”相映成趣。
盡管這兩個貴族女性的愛情方式迥然不同,一個深沉,一個狂熱,他們在這兩個基本點上卻是一致的,那就是:對本階級的厭惡,對封建門閥制度的叛逆。
記得當(dāng)于連發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的愛情正蛻變成虛榮的工具時說“我把自己毀了”,可之后的細節(jié)是“一種高傲之間帶著惡意的表情很快的代替了最真摯、最強烈的愛情的表情。
”這時的貴族小姐卻是擺脫了一向慢得像烏龜爬一樣的生活,用喪失尊嚴的方法博得愛情。
書中兩段悲劇愛情的進展始終伴隨著新貴的若即若離和于連的自卑帶來的懷疑,直至生命將要終結(jié)時,愛情才爆發(fā)出無濟于事的原始的火花,令人感懷。
當(dāng)我將落筆時,發(fā)現(xiàn)用意識寫出感想的時間已可與用精神閱讀原著的時間相比較了。
我興奮于自己得到反抗平庸的啟示,感動于那些盡管扭曲而依然壯烈的愛情片段。
當(dāng)有人提及《紅與黑》,我可以自豪地在回答“我讀過”后面加上一句“我也掩卷沉思過”。
紅與黑讀后感 范文二: 于連.索萊爾的命運時時刻刻牽動著我。
綜觀他極其短暫,卻滿是波折動蕩的年輕生命,流淌著太多矛盾和復(fù)雜。
對此,人們可以作出很多評判——是個小私有者盲目追求個人利益的悲??;一個野心家的毀滅;一個反封建斗士的犧牲等等。
各有各的看法,但又都在情理之中。
就我以為,說于連是個個人主義野心家固然不錯,但不如說他是個追求幸福而又不幸走上歧途的人更為確切些。
自然這種歧途不是簡單地采取了某種有背社會道德的手段,而是來自他心靈更深處的矛盾本質(zhì)。
于連的一生都在追求幸福。
他雖出身卑賤,卻有幸受到良好的教育,又有著杰出的智慧,所以他日后能廁身在所謂的上流社會中。
什么是幸福,怎樣得到幸福,是困惑著人類幾千年的問題,也同樣困惑著我們的于連。
在他心目中,幸福并沒有確切的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),只是在他的心計,在他的警覺,他的一個又一個的“作戰(zhàn)計劃”及其實施當(dāng)中。
他為第一次擺脫了父兄的虐待而幸福,為德.萊納夫人面前履行“某種責(zé)任”而幸福,為驕傲的瑪?shù)贍柕略谧约好媲扒腋?,為一次次地發(fā)跡而幸福得要命。
他渴望幸福,渴望飛黃騰達,他發(fā)誓寧可死一千次也要飛黃騰達。
為此,他制出了一個又一個“作戰(zhàn)計劃”,使出各種虛偽手段,他超人的智慧發(fā)揮的淋漓盡致。
但他畢竟是個好苗子,所以在每每幸福之時,他又會捫心自問,深深自責(zé)。
因此,他的計劃總會漏洞百出,總會讓人懷疑。
我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)于連在這種幸福的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是以社會和他人標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),追求他人和社會的承認。
實質(zhì)上,他并沒有獲得多少快樂和幸福,反而使他處在一種緊張狀態(tài),僅僅是感到“快樂的到了極點”,興奮地跑來跑去,一種“野心家實現(xiàn)后的狂喜”,只是片刻激情而已,剩下的是想著緊接著應(yīng)該在制定一個計劃。
這些所謂的幸福僅僅是表象而已,于連為了表象而犧牲了本質(zhì)。
當(dāng)他以為德.萊納夫人的一封信斷送了他的幸福時,他想到了報復(fù),最終被投進了監(jiān)獄。
在獄中反而使他從社會的束縛解脫出來,獲得了自由。
他卸下了往日一切偽裝和面具,找到了真實的自我,也找到了本質(zhì)的幸福。
他放棄了逃跑和上訴,能夠真誠地對待每一位朋友,坦然地面對死亡。
對于于連的愛情,我們同樣懷著強烈的興趣。
因為于連的成功幸福既而毀滅都與他的愛情緊密聯(lián)系著的。
他的兩個戀人——德.萊納夫人和瑪?shù)贍柕掳橹虝憾鴬^斗的一生,所以不妨分別來看看于連與兩個戀人的戀情。
于連和德.萊納夫人的愛情始于于連對她的誘惑。
起初,他只是在履行所謂的“責(zé)任”,這是一種對貴族老爺?shù)膱髲?fù),一種虛榮的滿足。
但是德.萊納夫人的善良、淳樸、溫柔深深地打動了于連。
一段時間,他瘋狂地愛上了德.萊納夫人。
可惜這顆愛心又很快被種種野心占有了,直至最后才又復(fù)燃,爆發(fā)。
英中文對照
阿拉丁和神燈英文讀后感500~1000字,初一水平
<<假如給我三天光明>>讀后感 馬克·吐溫曾經(jīng)說過:“十九世紀(jì)有兩奇人,一個是拿破倫,一個就是海倫·凱勒。
”最近我讀了一本關(guān)于海倫的書——《假如給我三天光明》,讀完這本書之后我的心被海倫的精神深深的震撼了
在書中,海倫說:“知識給人以愛,給人以光明,給人以智慧,應(yīng)該說知識就是幸福,因為有了知識,就是摸到了有史以來人類活動的脈搏,否則就不懂人類生命的音樂
”。
的確,知識的力量是無窮的,正是知識使海倫創(chuàng)造了這些人間奇跡
海倫是不幸的,但她又是幸運的,正是因為有了知識,她才如此幸運。
在她19個月失去視覺和聽覺后,就與這個世界失去了溝通,失去了聯(lián)系,這個的幼小生命不知道如何排譴與世隔絕的孤獨感,她古怪、粗暴、無禮,直至她的莎莉文老師走進了她的生活,教會她認字,才使她張開了心靈的眼睛,得以與人溝通。
一接觸到了知識,孤獨的海倫意識到只有知識才能鋪就一條通向光明之路。
當(dāng)海倫感悟到“水”——這個她所認識的第一個字后,便開始了對知識、對世界強烈的渴求,開始了迫不及待地認字、閱讀,像一塊海綿不斷地從生命本身汲取知識。
對知識的渴求,使她在常人難以想象的單調(diào)和枯燥中竟然學(xué)會了德語、拉丁語、法語等多國語言,閱讀了多部文學(xué)和哲學(xué)名著,吸取著那些偉人和智者的思想精髓。
她把學(xué)習(xí)比做攀登奇山險峰,跌倒了再爬上去,每得到一點進步,就有一份鼓舞,逐漸看到更為廣闊的世界,直到璀璨的云端、藍天的深處、希望的頂峰
這些知識,像一道道彩虹,點亮了海倫心中的燈,照亮了她的內(nèi)心世界,也架起了海倫和這個世界溝通的橋梁
知識的力量多么巨大,它能使一個殘疾人,變成一個有益于人類、有益于社會的人。
假如,我們每一個人,都能像海倫.凱勒一樣,在有生之年把對知識的渴求,看作對人生的追求,每天都抱著這種追求,懷著友善、朝氣、渴望去生活,我們的人生將會增添多少歡樂、多少幸福啊
海倫的一生,是生活在黑暗中卻給人類帶來光明的一生,她用行動證明了人類戰(zhàn)勝生命的勇氣,給世人留下了一曲永難遺忘的生命之歌
外國名著英文讀后感3000字?
你是要哪本書
魯賓遜漂流記Reading Lubin Sun Crusoe Feelings Lubin Sun Crusoe is the British author Daniel Defoe wrote a novel. The story is about a person called Lubin Sun in the sea voyage, while the event of high winds, the people on board were killed, and only he survived, and drift to a desert island. He used 28 of the time, with their hard-working hands to create for themselves a life of their homes, and to his courage and perseverance to overcome various difficulties. After the finish, I feel with Lubin Sun is very small compared with ah! In a desolate and uninhabited island life, already difficult enough, but, Lubin Sun is also available at all times to beware of Savage to attack him. If we do not self-protection awareness, it is very difficult, as Lubin Sun, life on the island in 28 years even to the safe return to Britain. Thus, self-protection awareness of the people, how important it is to ah! General Napoleon once said: many people can not rely on, only to survive on their own. Similarly, if we always have too many rely on their friends, parents of these people, when we have to survive independently, Will not be able to adapt to all this. But if the contrary, we usually on the life of their own independence, then, we encountered some unexpected things will be able to separate the face and heavy to calm attitude to resolve it. We now live in the times, not necessarily the same as the Sun Lubin, drifting to a desert island, but our life and will not be plain sailing, and sometimes may also encounter some dangerous things. But only if we know how to take the right measures, we will escape from the danger out. 愛麗絲漫游奇境記Paper, Alice, has a bright fairy tales, lively and innocent, like fantasy, love brains, full of curiosity. No ghost of a trace of her a kind of innocence. It is this innocence, before starting to read this story in another interesting, very exciting. This book everything is so strange interesting. The people there speak unpredictable, those enable Alice ate or drank the water can change into small, small cakes and large mushrooms. Paper fantasy adventure, cute characters, vivid language brings us to the beautiful world of fantasy, adventure, together with Alice. This fairy tale all this after 100 years later in children's literature is still in bloom splendor reasons. And that kind of cute little hero is one of the pearl. She may not be very smart, but she has a pure love of a gosling are polite. Coupled with her luminous eyes, a vivid images leap off the paper girl. 文中的愛麗絲,有著一顆燦爛的童心,活潑天真,喜歡幻想,愛動腦筋,充滿好奇心。
她身上無不散透著一種童真。
正是這種童真,才讓這篇故事讀起里別有趣味,十分精彩。
這本書里的一切,都是那么的奇怪有趣。
那里的人說話讓人捉摸不透,那些讓愛麗絲吃了或喝了能變大變小的水、小蛋糕和大蘑菇。
文中奇幻的歷險,可愛的人物,生動的語言把我們帶到了幻想的美麗世界,與愛麗絲一起冒險。
這一切是這部童話故事在歷經(jīng)一百多年后依然在兒童文學(xué)中綻放異彩的原因。
而那個善良可愛的小主人公更是其中的一顆明珠。
她也許并不是很聰明,但是她有一顆純凈的愛心,對一只小鵝都彬彬有禮。
加上她那雙明亮的眼睛,一個生動的女孩形象躍然紙上。
書蟲英文讀后感
英文部分是用免費翻譯軟件翻譯的,肯定有錯誤,自己修改吧。
高老頭讀后感 近日深刻的體會了巴爾扎克的大作《高老頭》,其實在很久以前就想過要真正認真的欣賞這本出自于法國19世紀(jì)大作家巴爾扎克之筆的世界名著。
這次真的用心感受了《高老頭》,我不禁從心底感嘆高老頭的悲慘遭遇。
巴爾扎克以自己的生活體驗,通過細致描寫,入木三分地刻畫了資本主義社會里人與人之間赤裸裸的金錢關(guān)系,用鋒利的筆刻畫出了當(dāng)代法國巴黎--哪個興盛一時的社會背后隱藏著的許許多多的故事,它就是波旁王朝的縮影,就是資本階級的真實寫照。
使人讀了以后,不禁掩卷沉思。
《高老頭》是一部批判現(xiàn)實主義的時代小說,它濃縮了時代色彩,展現(xiàn)了當(dāng)時社會里人與人之間的虛偽、狡詐、殘忍……這本書中文版不到十八萬字,但是其視野之廣,人物形象之多姿多彩,簡直夠得上一幅全景畫卷,從拉丁區(qū)與圣馬爾索城關(guān)之間貧窮寒酸的小街陋巷,到圣日耳曼區(qū)富麗堂皇的貴族府邸,把爾扎克給我們展示了一個令人眼花繚亂的巴黎社會,講述了一個令人熱淚相映的故事。
巴黎社會各個階層、各種身份的人物,帶著各自獨特的風(fēng)貌,在這部小說中組成了一個喧鬧的、活動著的、真實的社會。
這里有貪婪勢利的老板娘,有獻身科學(xué)的大學(xué)生,有苦役幫口里神通廣大的秘密頭領(lǐng)。
讀完《高老頭》,讓人不禁為巴黎上流社會只以金錢為中心、人情之間的冷漠而悲哀。
在巴黎上流社會無所謂親情、愛情,有的只是人與人之間的金錢關(guān)系。
馬克思曾說過:“資產(chǎn)階級撕下了罩在家庭關(guān)系上的溫情脈脈的面紗,把這種關(guān)系變成了純粹的赤裸裸的金錢關(guān)系。
”高老頭是個面粉商,在革命期間賣面粉賺了一大筆錢,他很愛很愛他的兩個女兒,甚至到了溺愛的程度,就是這樣,家庭的悲劇就由此而發(fā)了。
他一心只想女兒過的舒服,甚至付出自己的一切也不在乎,他希望女兒嫁入名門貴族,這樣兩位心肝女兒就不會受苦,而且過得幸福。
High-old man讀后感 Recently, a deeper understanding of Balzac's masterpiece high old man was in fact a long time ago on the really serious thought to appreciate that this comes from in the 19 century French writer Balzac's world famous pen. Feel the true intentions of the high-old man, I can not help but sigh from the heart, the tragedy of the high-old man. Balzac in their own life experiences, through detailed descriptions and penetrating portrait of a capitalist society between people naked money relations, with a sharp pen portrait of a contemporary Paris, France - which flourished behind temporary society forward to the many stories, it is a microcosm of Bourbon is a true portrayal of the capital class. After one read, one can not help掩卷meditation. High old man is a time of critical realism novels, it is condensed time colors, show the time between people in society hypocrisy, cunning, cruel ... ... English version of this book less than 180,000 words, but its vision of a wide variety of characters, it deserves a piece of panoramic picture, from the Latin Quarter and Saint marceau Chengguan poverty dowdy side street between the alley, to the St Germain district magnificent aristocratic residence, the Seoul Zach give us a dazzling display of Paris society, tells the story of a story is matched tears. Paris, various strata of society, the identity of various characters, with their own unique style, at the composition of the novel in a noisy, active, real society. Here there is the greed of snobbish wife, have dedicated science college students, there is hard labor to help the broad masses of mouth magical secret leader. After reading high old man, people can not help but to Parisian society as the center only to money, relationships between the indifference and sadness. Do not care at Parisian society affection, love, and some just relations between people's money. Marx once said: the bourgeoisie has torn off the mask at home on the tender relationship between the veil, put this relationship into a purely naked money relationship. The old man is a high wheat flour, the flour sold at during the revolution earn a a large sum of money, he loves loves his two daughters, even to the extent of spoil, then this is a tragedy on the home thus the hair. Daughter would just like to have him as one of the comfortable, or even to pay all their own do not care that he hoped his daughter嫁入door of the aristocracy, so the two darling daughter will not suffer, and happy life.
急急急求The Open Window的英文讀后感,1000詞左右
嘲諷之一:鬼故事 小說中的嘲諷首先體現(xiàn)在其對哥特式鬼故事的顛覆性戲仿。
在薩基生活的時代,鬼故事是英國文學(xué)中非常受普通讀者歡迎的類別。
作家通過對懸念的鋪墊,對恐怖場景的精心刻畫,對鬼魂、僵尸、墳?zāi)沟仍氐囊耄圃斐隽嗣噪x奇幻的效果,深深吸引了讀者的注意力,讓他們體驗到了恐怖、驚奇、詭異的多重心理感受。
在小說中,維拉就很好地利用了這些流行鬼故事的基本敘述手法。
首先,維拉采用了鬼故事常用的“懸念”手法作為故事的誘餌,一下子就吸引了客人弗蘭姆頓的注意力,將他自然而然地帶進了自己的敘述。
她先語焉不詳?shù)靥崞鹆速惼疹D太太的悲劇,繼而又將弗蘭姆頓的注意力轉(zhuǎn)移到了客廳敞開的可以作為便門使用的落地法式長窗。
在英格蘭,十月底已是清寒的日子,尤其是在太陽即將下山的時候,溫度可以接近零度,此刻法式落地窗居然還敞開著,不可謂不反常。
弗蘭姆頓果然被喚起了好奇心,主動詢問窗戶和賽普頓太太的遭遇之間的關(guān)系。
維拉繼而巧妙地利用了鬼故事常用的“鬼魂”形象。
她告訴弗蘭姆頓在三年前的這一天,她的姑父和兩個兄弟正是穿過這扇窗戶去打獵,再也沒有回來。
賽普太太不肯相信丈夫已經(jīng)離開人間,她天天開著窗戶,是在等待著丈夫歸來。
既然丈夫早在三年前就已經(jīng)身亡,很顯然賽普頓太太的等待無異于“招魂”,人已往生,不可能回轉(zhuǎn),能回來探望的,只能是鬼魂。
為了讓自己的鬼故事更有說服力,維拉還加上了精彩的表演,極力渲染恐怖氣氛。
當(dāng)賽普頓太太興高采烈地宣布丈夫打獵歸來的時候,弗蘭姆頓原以為她因思念亡夫過度而精神失常,當(dāng)他望向維拉,卻發(fā)現(xiàn)她“用充滿恐懼的被嚇呆了的眼神死盯著敞開的窗戶”,分明是見了鬼的表情。
這種表情充滿了感染力,給弗蘭姆頓以暗示,必定有什么恐怖的事情正在發(fā)生。
當(dāng)他順著維拉的目光看去,看到三個朦朧的身影在薄霧中無聲無息地向房子走來的時候,自然是嚇得連道別都來不及,“發(fā)瘋似地抓起拐杖和帽子。
穿過大廳的門、石子路、前大門,他一路跌跌撞撞往外跑。
” 維拉運用了鬼故事的常見敘述元素,使弗蘭姆頓這個笨拙的聽者在故事進行到半中腰就落荒而逃。
小說繼而的發(fā)展卻顛覆了這樣的鬼怪元素,為小說中的鬼故事加上了一個非常理性化的結(jié)尾:根本就不存在什么鬼魂,三個黃昏中逼近的人影不過是打獵歸來的姑丈和他的兄弟。
所謂懸疑、鬼魂、恐怖都是敘述策略所導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果。
正是因為弗蘭姆頓受鬼故事的毒害太深,才會被這樣的手法所蒙蔽,上了“鬼”的當(dāng)。
嘲諷之二:繁文縟節(jié) 小說的嘲諷不僅體現(xiàn)在對鬼故事的調(diào)侃,更體現(xiàn)在對當(dāng)時英國社會繁文縟節(jié)的諷刺。
作者薩基本身出身英國上層社會,小的時候母親早亡,父親在大英帝國的東南亞殖民地任職,他便交由兩位姑姑撫養(yǎng)。
兩位姑母自詡出身高貴,重視禮儀,實則為人虛偽,缺乏愛心和同情心。
對她們來說,活著是給別人看的。
舉止得體,禮貌周到,小孩子懂規(guī)矩,這比正直的靈魂、同情心、愛和寬容等更重要。
薩基在她們的監(jiān)護下,渡過了缺乏親情呵護的枯燥呆板的童年。
正因為這樣的境遇,使薩基痛恨英國上層社會裝腔作勢的禮儀。
在作品中,薩基不遺余力地批判這些禮儀的空洞性,而這一點在《敞開的窗戶》中也得到了很好的展示。
《敞開的窗戶》發(fā)表于1914年第一次世界大戰(zhàn)來臨之前,當(dāng)時的英國雖然已經(jīng)顯露出動蕩的端倪,但是整個社會總體而言依然按照維多利亞時代所遺留的軌跡穩(wěn)步運轉(zhuǎn)。
地主有閑階級不事生產(chǎn)。
對他們來說,每天生活的重要內(nèi)容就是拜訪朋友、閑聊、聚會。
每當(dāng)新人來到一個社區(qū),他應(yīng)該遞上印有頭銜、身份、姓名的名片以及引見信,對當(dāng)?shù)氐氖考澾M行拜訪,對方也要進行回訪。
社交活動、面子、禮儀等是構(gòu)成他們生活的主要內(nèi)容。
在小說中,弗蘭姆頓也在按照這樣的社會習(xí)慣行事。
在 19出紀(jì)末 2 0世紀(jì)初,人們對心理學(xué)的認識并不全面,以為要想解決神經(jīng)質(zhì)的毛病,最好找個風(fēng)景宜人的地方進行靜養(yǎng)。
弗蘭姆頓因此來到了鄉(xiāng)下。
在姐姐的敦促下,他依照社會慣例,開始了對陌生人的系列拜訪。
其實,這些人不僅對于弗蘭姆頓來說是陌生人,對于給他寫引見信的姐姐來說也是如此。
他姐姐并不是當(dāng)?shù)鼐用瘢贿^是在四年以前,在教區(qū)長家暫住過一段時間而已。
她宣稱自己在當(dāng)?shù)卣J識很多朋友,但是在給弟弟寫引見信的時候,卻沒有能夠向弟弟推薦任何一位值得信賴的密友,而是讓他依照她開出的長名單,逐個造訪。
這說明她與這些人只是泛泛之交。
這種相互造訪的社交活動不過是填補生活空白,打發(fā)時間的虛偽程式而已。
讀罷《敞開的窗戶》的讀者,或許會有這樣的疑問:為什么侄女要對素昧平生的陌生人開近乎是惡意的玩笑,讓一個本來就神經(jīng)緊張的脆弱男子幾乎神經(jīng)崩潰
答案應(yīng)該是這種社交禮節(jié)讓人厭煩到了恨不得想反抗的程度。
弗蘭姆頓沒有想象力,呆板沉悶,以自我為中心,并略帶神經(jīng)質(zhì)。
可以想象,陪著這樣一個人物,坐上許久,是一件多么無聊的事情。
根據(jù)當(dāng)時的社會規(guī)范,維拉不能將客人撇在那里,獨自離開。
難怪小姑娘打算反抗一下,和初來乍到的弗蘭姆頓先生開了這樣一個大玩笑。
在正常的情況下,維拉的謊言是非常容易揭穿的。
只要弗蘭姆頓問問她的姑母就會發(fā)現(xiàn)事實真相。
小姑娘的計謀之所以能夠得逞,原因還是要回到社交禮儀的虛偽之上。
按照維多利亞時代英國社會“禮貌”、“周到”的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),在公開的社會場合,人們是不能隨便袒露內(nèi)心的真實所想,也不允許隨便詢問別人的生活。
于是,社交場合的談話往往是圍繞著一些無關(guān)緊要的話題,比如天氣、生活瑣事等等。
弗蘭姆頓言語行動都謹守得體原則,他和維拉聊天的時候,“絞盡腦汁想找些得體的話來說,盼望既能夠奉承了侄女,又不讓馬上就要下來的姑姑感覺受到輕慢”。
當(dāng)他發(fā)現(xiàn)賽普頓太太嘮嘮叨叨地談?wù)撍恼煞虻臅r候,因為是初次見面的緣故,根本不敢坦言安慰,勸她節(jié)哀順變。
要是他有這樣的勇氣,小姑娘的謊言馬上就會被揭穿。
在《敞開的窗戶》這篇小說中,人和人之間的關(guān)系帶有一定的異化隔膜的成分。
姐姐不了解弟弟的真實需要,客人除了姓名和地址對主人的情況一無所知,甚至是在小姑娘和賽普頓太太之間也存在著不理解。
維拉和她的姑姑關(guān)系是近是遠,小說并沒有做出朋確的介紹。
不過顯然賽普頓太太并不了解侄女有如此高妙的編故事的能力。
如果她能多了解一些維拉,當(dāng)弗蘭姆頓嚇得從屋子里狂奔出去的時候,她就應(yīng)該能夠判斷一定是小姑娘在背后搗鬼,用惡作劇把客人嚇跑了。
《敞開的窗戶》看似一個鬼故事,卻是一幅社會諷刺畫。
在一個典型的社交場合,在場的三個人說著客套話,卻各自想著各自的心思。
姑姑在焦急地等待丈夫歸來,小姑娘在想著如何捉弄無聊的客人,客人在自顧自沉浸在對自己病體的自怨自艾中。
然而正是這樣一個虛偽沉悶的場合,卻因為小姑娘豐富的想象力和表演才能變成了一個峰回路轉(zhuǎn)高潮迭起的精彩故事。