大家在閱讀英文原著，或者跟外國人交流的時候，是不是時常有這樣的困擾：這個詞我沒聽說過，這是什么意思？在牛津詞典里也查不到，他/她到底在說什么？其實理解和翻譯俚語有特殊的方法和小技巧。按照這五步做，你也能輕松讀懂俚語！
Step1：
第一步：
Realize that the biggest challenge in interpreting slang is that the linguist understands the expression that is being communicated with the slang word. Different languages have different slang terms, but despite that all the slang words are trying to express the same basic emotions of excitement, joy, fear, disgust, anger etc. So instead of looking for a literal translation of the slang word, it is important that the interpreter have the relevant cultural context to understand what the person is trying to express and then convey the expression in the target language.
在翻譯俚語的過程中會遇到的最大的困難就是理解俚語交流中的表達方式。雖然不同的語言會產(chǎn)生不同的俚語表達，但是他們都在表現(xiàn)相同的感情內(nèi)核：激動，歡樂，恐懼，厭惡，憤怒還有其他很多。所以比起在字面上翻譯俚語表達，更重要的是翻譯者需要掌握相應(yīng)語言的文化背景，然后理解作者想要傳達的情感，才能傳達和翻譯作者的想法。
Step 2：
第二步：
An easy way to identify the structure of slang terms is to check for the occurrence of one or more of the following:在判定俚語的結(jié)構(gòu)時并不乏捷徑，比如尋找俚語的如下特點：
Slang terms/phrases use symbols instead of letters
1. 俚語詞語/術(shù)語會使用符號來取代字母；
2. They might use similar sounding letters to replace the original ones
2. 俚語使用者會用同音的字母來替代彼此.
3. Slang words use a heavy degree of capital letters, even when they are grammatically incorrect, to claim for attention
3. 雖然在語法上不甚準確，但是俚語使用者會讓大寫字母大量出現(xiàn)在的俚語表達中從而達到吸引讀者注意的'目的。
Step 3：
第三步：
Know that these slang words are not of standard use. We have to interpret slang English Terms with their corresponding formal words to understand and convey what the writer wants to. There are resources aplenty available for helping linguists with slang English words. Some of the examples are:俚語詞匯并沒有一個標準用法。很多時候我們需要聯(lián)系與其對應(yīng)的正式用語來解讀它們的含義，并從中理解作者用這些俚語的意圖?，F(xiàn)有的很多
1. Dictionary of Slang English1. 《英語俚語詞典》
2. Slang- w*kipedia2. 俚語-維基百科
3. British Slang book3. 《大英俚語書》
4. On-line Slang Dictionary4. 在線俚語詞典
5. Australian Lingo Guide book5. 《澳洲術(shù)語指南》
Step 4：
第四步：
Recognize this list of some of the English Slang words with their Equivalent words is as follows:整理出一個英語俚語詞匯和其對應(yīng)正式用語的列表：
1. Dope=stupid （愚蠢的）
2. Dirty=obscene （下流的）
3. Dork=strange person （奇怪的人）
4. Drag=boring （無聊的）
5. Dynamite=powerful （有力量的）
6. An earful=a lot of gossip （諸多流言）
7. Eating away=bothering （打擾）
8. Fix=dose of drugs （藥物劑量）
9. Flaky=unreliable （不可靠的）
10. Fox=very attractive （非常吸引人的）
Step 5：
第五步：
Understand that the real challenge for the interpreter arises because most languages might not have cultural equivalents of certain words which represent a concept. For example, it would be extremely difficult to explain to an Englishman the concept of certain local Indian rituals and ceremonies like sati, sindoor, mundan simply because there are not cultural equivalents. The other challenge arises when one is interpreting pun, humor, sarcasm. These expressions are routed in cultural contexts and might not make sense to people from a different nation and/or culture.
語言學者在翻譯俚語的過程中遇到的最大挑戰(zhàn)莫過于，大部分語言缺乏共同的文化背景去理解俚語詞匯所代表的含義。比方說，向一個英格蘭人解釋sati（“薩蒂”，印度古老傳統(tǒng)，如果丈夫早亡妻子必須在丈夫的火堆跳火自焚）、sindoor（發(fā)際紅，印度女性眉間的一點紅）、mundan（印度教的新生兒剃發(fā)儀式）這些代表印度傳統(tǒng)儀式和節(jié)慶的詞匯是極其困難的。相對的，讓印度人理解pun（雙關(guān)語）、humor（幽默感）、sarcasm（諷刺）這些英語中的特定名詞也是一種挑戰(zhàn)。這些特殊的俚語表達扎根于不同的文化土壤中，因此外來者可能無法理解俚語背后的含義。
1. 套近乎
中國人為了表示熱情友好，總愛說些關(guān)心體貼的話。比如：You must be tired. Have a good rest. 可如果你想和老外套近乎，千萬別來這一套!因為聽到這類的話，人家還會以為自己看上去很差勁，身體出了問題呢。老外最喜歡聽人家夸自己身體強健氣色好，衣著打扮有品位。所以，多說些贊美的話，后面才能有的聊。
例：You're looking great!
你看起來棒極了!
例：What a wonderful dress you're wearing!
你今天的這件衣服看上去真棒!
2. 說謝謝
中國有句話講“大恩不言謝”，可是遇到小事，尤其是和熟人之間，說“謝謝”又顯得格外生分。所以不管是大事小情，“謝謝”這個詞兒就被理所當然地省略掉了。這一點讓“謝”不離口的老外們實在不能忍，因為他們早已習慣成自然，就算是對家人說聲“謝謝”也是家常便飯。所以，和老外在一起，千萬要記得在適當?shù)臅r候說“Thank you”。當然，你還可以用其他英文表達來滿足他們的期待。
例：Thanks a million. I really appreciate it.
萬分感謝，真是幫了我大忙啦!
例：Thanks for the help. I owe you one.
多謝幫忙。我欠你個人情。
3. “裝”客氣
中國人在餐桌特別喜歡禮讓，招呼大家吃這個吃那個，受到禮讓的人也要推辭一番才能接受?？墒?，如果老外問你要不要多來點，推辭禮讓的過程就真心不必了，人家會自動認為你的確不需要。所以，吃貨們別因為一時客氣錯失了填飽肚子的機會!
例：Would you like some more chicken?
你要再來點雞肉嗎?
No, thanks. I'm full.
不了，謝謝。我飽了。
4. 串門送禮
去朋友家串門，中國人總喜歡帶些禮物，這一點上，老外也一樣。不同的是中國人為討吉利，喜歡送禮送雙數(shù)，而西方人做客帶一瓶酒或者一盒巧克力就夠了。中國人在送禮時會格外謙虛，表示這些都是薄禮不成敬意。但是，這會讓老外覺得有些別扭，為什么要送我“薄”的呢?其實送禮這件事就是個心意，你只需大大方方表達心意就好了。
例：I got you something I hope you like it.
我給你帶了點東西，希望你喜歡。
例：Here's a little gift for you. Enjoy!
這個小禮物是給你的。好好享用吧!
5. 稱呼前輩
中國人喜歡在稱謂里加個“老”字，表示對人的尊敬。比方說，“老王”、“老張”，親切又不失敬意。(如果你換成“王老”、“張老”，他們會更happy，你懂的~)但是，對于老外來講，“old”這個詞在英文里是避之不及的，因為誰也不想聽別人家說自己“老”，就算你要說也要委婉地講出口。比如：mature people, senior adult, golden-ager或者seasoned citizen都是不帶“老”字的“老年人”。
就愛淘便宜貨：盤點和“便宜”有關(guān)的英文俚語
When you are out buying something you are usually looking for a good price, for a deal, for something cheap, right? I know I am. Well, today I have a whole bunch of English vocabulary you can use to talk about things that are cheap or priced right. Let’s start with a look at the names of stores where you can go to find items that are reasonably priced or priced very low.
買東西時我們通常尋找價格合理或是便宜的東西，對吧?至少我是這樣的。今天，我有一堆英文單詞可以讓你用來描述便宜的東西或是合理的價格。首先我們先來看一看那些可以買到便宜貨或是價格較低的貨物的商店。
Names for stores where you can buy cheap items:
可以買到便宜商品的店：
dollar store – a store where traditionally everything is sold for $1
dollar store——所有東西只賣一美元的商店
five & dime – a store that sells a large variety of discounted items for a cheap price
five & dime ——賤賣各種打折商品的`店
warehouse store – this is usually a very big store where items are often sold in large quantity and they are cheaper because they are sold in bulk
warehouse store——這通常是比較大的店鋪，東西都是大量出售的，因為銷售數(shù)量大，因此也很便宜。
outlet – a store where discounted items are sold cheaper because the manufacturer is selling directly to the customer
outlet——售賣打折物品的地方，因為是生產(chǎn)廠家直銷給顧客，所以價格便宜
Words you can use to describe items that are low cost and a good to buy :
用來表述價格低，購買劃算的物品：
a bargain
便宜貨、減價品
dirt-cheap
便宜的商品
a steal
非常便宜的物品
a deal
便宜貨
Examples: I got a great deal on my new TV. I bought it dirt-cheap at a going out of business sale. It was such a bargain, because the same model sold at another store would have been at least $500 more! It was a real steal I tell you.
例：我新買的電視賺大了，正好趕上停業(yè)大甩賣，價格超低。這筆買賣非常劃算，另一家店同樣的型號價格至少高出500美元!我告訴你，簡直太值了。
Words you can use to describe an item that is low cost, but not well-made or of poor quality:
1.Exit with your hands in the air.舉手出來
with your hands in the air = 我們更熟悉的:with your hands up
2.I'll make you a deal if you don't move a muscle,i won't blow your head off.
我跟你說好,只要你乖乖著.我就不打爆你的頭
not move a muscle=毫不動容,不變神色
此外,在美國俚語中be on the muscle =準備動武; 準備蠻干
在口語中flex one's muscles =小試身手
on the muscle =用暴力方式;氣勢洶洶的
3.pull over . 靠邊,靠岸,開到路邊
發(fā)現(xiàn)這是michael經(jīng)常跟linc說的話----“把車停到一邊”,每當linc問"why"的時候,michael都是一臉懶得跟你解釋的那種神情說"just pull over"
4.Your commitment to help others,and i put you in a place that's every doctor's nightmare.
你承諾幫助他人,我卻讓你陷入醫(yī)生的惡夢中
commitment to=許諾
5.I'm going to take a leak. 我去小解
leak=泄漏; take a leak =小解
6.That's a nasty contusion.那是惡意毆打
nasty=令人不快的;惡意的 ; ?contusion=毆打;打傷
7.If you think i can pull some strings to keep you out of gen pop.I can't do that.
如果你以為我能讓你不關(guān)禁閉,那么你錯了
pull strings=在幕后操作
gen pop是lockdown的口語說法,意為"一級防范緊閉"
8.They're already done irreparable damage. 他們已經(jīng)造成了不可挽回的損失
irreparable=不可挽回的 ; ? ir-為"不"的前綴
reparable=可修復(fù)的,可挽回的
9.A tape purported to be made by escaped convicts lincoln burrows and michael scofield was immediarely dismissed by the justice department.
逃犯lincoln與michael做的可疑錄影帶被司法部門立即駁回
purported=可疑的 ? (purport=意義,主旨)
dismiss=[法律]不受理.dismiss還有“打發(fā),解散,開除”的意思
10.They dumped it off the front page and buried it.他們把這事從報紙頭條撤下并隱瞞起來
dump=傾倒,拋棄
我們常在電影里聽到的"He/She dumped me"的意思就是“他/她甩了我”
front page=報紙上的頭版頭條,也可用"page one"
11.It's a hail mary,man.這是孤注一擲,老兄
hail mary原指禱告者向圣母瑪麗亞求救,而在美國口語中通常是指當成功的機率非常小時,做絕望的嘗試
12.I'm guessing they're spoon-feeding us every lead they want us to follow.
我猜他們想讓我們順著他們鋪的路去白忙一場
spoon-feeding=填鴨式
spoon-feeding education=填鴨式教育
13.What if this is just one giant setup?如何這是個巨大的圈套呢?
giant=巨大的;偉大的 ?; ?setup=陷阱,圈套
14.I didn't drive all this way to gloat. 我跑這么遠不是來嘲笑你的
gloat=幸災(zāi)樂禍
15.The girl bailed on you back in Gila.這女孩在Gila都沒跟你走
我們在PB里常見的bail的用法為“保釋”,而bail還有個常用詞義為“離開”
