英語：什么是名詞性從句
詳細(xì)
名詞性從句名詞性從句：其功能相當(dāng)于名詞，根據(jù)其在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞挚煞譃橹髡Z，賓語，表語和同位語從句．名詞性從句必須用陳述語序. 常見引導(dǎo)詞：1. that 無意義，在名詞性從句中不充當(dāng)成分；2. whether\\\/if “是否” , 在從句中不充當(dāng)成分；3. who “誰”，在從句中作主語, 口語中可作賓語, 表語;4. whom “誰”，在從句中作賓語, 表語;5. whose “誰的”，在從句中作定語,表語;6. what “什么”，“…的”，在從句中作主語,賓語, 表語, 定語，含義沒有明確的范圍;7. which “哪個(gè)，哪些”，在從句中作主語,賓語, 表語, 定語，含義有明確的范圍;8. when “何時(shí)”，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語，表語；9. where“何地”，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，表語；10. why “為什么”，在從句中作原因狀語，表語；11. how “怎樣，怎么”在從句中作方式狀語，表語。
由how組成的短語也可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句, 在從句中作狀語，如how many, how long , how soon, how often, how far…12. because “因?yàn)椤?，在從句中作原因狀語；13. as if\\\/as though “好像，似乎”，在從句中不充當(dāng)成分；14. whoever “無論誰”，在主句和從句中都可作主語，賓語，表語；15. whomever “無論誰”，在主句和從句中都可作賓語，表語；16. whatever “無論什么”，在主句和從句中都可作主語，賓語，表語，定語；17. whichever “無論哪個(gè)”，在主句和從句中都可作主語，賓語，表語，定語，含義有明確的范圍；一、主語從句用作主語的從句。
常見引導(dǎo)詞：that, whether, who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, why, how, how much, how many, how long, how far, how soon, how often, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever;1. ________ the teacher said today was quite right.2. _______ they are badly in need of help is quite clear. 3. ________ they will sell the house is not yet decided.4. _________ was said here must be kept secret. 5. _________ makes mistakes must correct them. 6. It is a pity ______ she has made such a mistake.7. ______ we will start is not decided yet.8. ______ surprised me most was his manner.9. ______ he was chosen monitor is clear.10. _______ he has gone is still unknown.注: 1、主語從句做主語，謂語用單數(shù)；但兩個(gè)以上的從句做主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)； What he says and what he does disagree.2、可用“it”做形式主語，把主語從句放在后面； 主要有下列句型： 1) It +v.+ adj. \\\/ n. +從句 It is a shame that we missed the last train. It is important that we should learn a foreign language. It’s a pleasure that we’re going to have a party.注：It is important \\\/necessary\\\/ natural\\\/ a pity\\\/strange\\\/ impossible that sb. \\\/ sth. (should) do… It is necessary that you not sleep in class.2) It +不及物動(dòng)詞+從句 It seems\\\/appears that he is from the USA. It happened that his parents were out when he called.3) It + be +過去分詞+從句 It is said that... 據(jù)說…… It is known to all that... 眾所周知…… It is reported that... 據(jù)報(bào)道…… It is believed that... 據(jù)信……;人們相信…… It is suggested that... 有人建議…… It is hoped that… 人們希望… … It must be pointed out that... 必須指出…… It has been proved that... 已證明…….It is said that Tom once studied in the USA.It is reported that a storm is on the way.It has been proved that the theory is correct.3、在主語從句中，“that”放在句首時(shí)不能省略，若“it”做形式主語，“that”從句放在后面在口語中，可以省略“that”;二、賓語從句放在某個(gè)動(dòng)詞，介詞或形容詞后做賓語。
常見引導(dǎo)詞：that, whether, if, who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, why, how, how much, how many, how long, how far, how soon, how often, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever;1. I think ________ a healthy diet should contain a lot of green vegetables and fruit.2. I wonder ________ you can do me a favor.3. It depends on _________ the manager will agree to the plan or not.4. The teacher asked little Tom _______ first discovered America.5. He asked me ________ pronunciation was the best in our class.6. He told me ________ had happened on his way to school. 7. Do you think _______ team will win the match?8. You can do ____________ you like.9. I’ll give the job to ___________ has much work experience.10. I don’t know __________ he will leave for America. 注：1. 含賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，常用下面句型： 主語＋動(dòng)詞＋it+賓補(bǔ)+賓語從句; I find it necessary that we should ask him for advice. 2. 介詞后常接wh-詞引導(dǎo)的從句,很少接that引導(dǎo)的(介詞but, except, in 除外), 若介詞后的從句由 that引導(dǎo),則須用it作形式賓語After what seemed a long time, he returned home.You may depend on it that they will support you.She was fortunate in that she had friends to help her. 3. 在“be+adj.”后,?？山觮hat引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,也可把其稱為原因狀語從句. I’m afraid that I can’t accept your invitation. She’s happy that her daughter had passed the exams.4. 否定轉(zhuǎn)移：“think, believe, suppose, guess, expect, imagine”等詞所接的賓語從句若為否定式，常把否定詞提前到在主句中。
He doesn’t believe we have finished our work. I don’t think he cares about it, does he?5. “that”引導(dǎo)的賓語從句做某動(dòng)詞或形容詞賓語時(shí),“that”可省略，但若有兩個(gè)并列的“that”從句，后一個(gè)“that”不可省略； I hear Tom is good at soccer and that he joined the club last week. 6. 賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)特點(diǎn)①主句若用現(xiàn)在時(shí)(含一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),一般將來時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)),從句根據(jù)情況可用任何相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)； I hear they will be back in a week. Do you know why he left without a word? I’m not sure whether he has been to the Great Wall before.②主句用過去式時(shí),從句要用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)（包括一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)）；She hesitated whether she would take our advice.He told me his son was watching TV.He said that he had been in London for two days. 注：當(dāng)從句表示“真理，格言，諺語，科學(xué)事實(shí)”時(shí)，從句用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)；My grandpa told me that the earth is round.三、表語從句表語從句放在系動(dòng)詞后，如be, seem, look等,用來說明，解釋主語，使其具體化；常見引導(dǎo)詞：that, whether, who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, why, how, how much, how many, how long, whoever, how far, how soon, how often, whomever, whatever, whichever, because, as if\\\/as though; 1. What she wants to know is _______ computer she should buy.2. The problem was ______ could do the work.3. What I want to know is _________ answers are right.4. He is late for school today; it is ________ he missed the first bus.5. It seems _________ he is from the USA.6. The trouble is _______ he has no work experience.7. The question is ________ we should ask them for help.8. He missed the first bus today; that is ________ he was late for school.9. This is ________ you made the mistakes.10. The problem is _______ he can get food and clothing.注：1. 引導(dǎo)詞通常不省略； 2. 當(dāng)“reason”做主語時(shí)，表語從句用 “that”引導(dǎo)；The reason for his illness is that he was caught in a heavy rain. 3. The truth\\\/fact is that… The trouble\\\/difficulty\\\/problem is that… The fact is that he has never been there before.The trouble is that we are short of money and technology.四、同位語從句同位語從句放在某名詞后，對(duì)其進(jìn)一步解釋，說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。
常見引導(dǎo)詞：that, when, where, whether, why, who, whom, whose, how… 同位語從句常放在下列名詞后: news, word, idea, fact, truth, reason, thought, doubt, belief, hope, promise, possibility, order, proposal, advice, suggestion, demand…There was little hope that they would survive.Word came that our team had won.I have no idea why she left.They had the question whether he could pass the final exam. He didn’t take my advice that we should set off earlier.
賓語從句的三大要素
shn199882： 不知道您是否滿意
這是我從百度百科上復(fù)制過來的（因?yàn)閿?shù)字限制，因此做了部分刪減）：賓語從句的用法 1.that引導(dǎo)賓語從句無意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分常省略。
但下列情況除外： （1）介詞賓語從句的that不省略 （2） and連接的幾個(gè)從句，第二個(gè)從句以后的從句的that不省略。
He told me that he had two sons and that they both had gone to college. （3）在動(dòng)詞+it+賓語補(bǔ)足語+賓語從句結(jié)構(gòu)中，that不省略。
I heard it said that he had gone abroad We found it impossible that he could finish it in such a short time 2.Whether ,if 引導(dǎo)賓語從句：兩詞可互換，但是下列情形除外： （1）whether從句中有or not （2）whether從句做介詞賓語 Everything depends on whether you agree with us 3.許多帶復(fù)合賓語的句子，賓語從句經(jīng)常移到句子后部，而用it做形式賓語。
結(jié)構(gòu)常是： 主語+動(dòng)詞+it+形容詞\\\/名詞等賓語補(bǔ)足語+賓語從句 We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone 4.賓語從句的語序要用陳述句語序 False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job. Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job. B 有時(shí)候可以用it 作形式賓語，而把真正的賓語從句放在后面。
Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible. Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours. Bad: He left whether we should continue this project to my judgment. Good: He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project. C 帶有賓語從句的復(fù)合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。
Bad: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher. Good: I don’t think he likes the English teacher. D 主句一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句也要用過去時(shí)態(tài)；具體細(xì)節(jié)請(qǐng)看第一部分。
False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner. Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner. bu[編輯本段]賓語從句（版本三） 賓語從句，在復(fù)合句中作賓語，位于及物動(dòng)詞后。
eg． Tell him which class you are in ． Do you know what he likes
注：(1)主、從句時(shí)態(tài)一致： 主句謂語過去時(shí)，從句相應(yīng)過去時(shí)； He answered that he was listening to me. 主句謂語現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)任所需； eg． He says (that) he will leave a message on my desk. They know (that) he is working hard. 具體過去永不變，真理格言現(xiàn)在時(shí)； eg．He told me that he was born in 1980. Father told me that practice makes perfect . （2）否定前移，及完成反意問句 在think \\\/ believe \\\/ suppose \\\/ guess \\\/ imagine \\\/ expect等動(dòng)詞后跟賓語從句否定式時(shí)，應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上去，完成反意問句時(shí)，應(yīng)與從句主、謂保持一致。
（注: 否定前移的條件是，主句主語是第一人稱） eg． I don't think you are right ,are you ? I don't believe they have finished their work yet,have they ? （3）運(yùn)用虛擬語氣的情況 在表示： 建議 suggest , advise 要求demand 、desire、require、request、propose； 決定 decide; 命令 order、command; 堅(jiān)決主張 insist; 等動(dòng)詞后跟賓語從句，用（should）+v．（虛擬語氣） eg． I suggested that you（should）study hard． He ordered that we should go out at once． （4）賓語從句后置情況 如果賓語從句后有賓語補(bǔ)語，用it作形式賓語，把賓語從句后置 eg．You may think it strange that he would live there． （5）賓從中that不可省略的情況 賓語從句that?？墒÷?，但在以下情況下不能省略 A．當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上賓語從句時(shí)，可以省略第一個(gè)that，其他不能省略。
eg．I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get better． B．當(dāng)it作形式賓語時(shí) eg．She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him． C．當(dāng)賓語從句前置時(shí) eg．That our team will win，I believe．[編輯本段]賓語從句（版本四）一、定義和賓從例句分析 賓語從句就是一個(gè)句子作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語。
A 作動(dòng)詞的賓語: I heard the news. 主語 謂語動(dòng)詞 名詞作賓語 I heard that he would come here later on. 主語 謂語動(dòng)詞 一個(gè)句子作賓語---賓語從句 B 作介詞的賓語: He said nothing about the plan. 主語 謂語動(dòng)詞 代詞作動(dòng)詞的賓語 介詞 名詞作介詞的賓語 He said nothing about who broke the window last night. 主語 謂語動(dòng)詞 代詞作動(dòng)詞的賓語 介詞 一個(gè)句子作介詞的賓語二、帶有賓語從句的復(fù)合句的構(gòu)成 帶有賓語從句的復(fù)合句就是用連接詞把一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)賓語從句連接在一起。
連接詞有：that(可省略)，what, who, when, where, why, which, if, whether, how. 1 He suggested (that) we should clean the corridor every day. 賓語 2 He told me (that) he would leave Dalian airport at 8pm. 間接賓語 直接賓語 3 He told me where he was going to travel that summer. 間接賓語 直接賓語 4 He wanted to know what the manager had said at the meeting. who hadn’t passed the exam. when she would leave this building. why she cried last night. where she was going to study. which student was his partner in the short play. if (whether) Tom could play basketball with him that morning. how she managed to solve the problem. why water flows from a high position to a lower position. 在例子4中，當(dāng)主句是過去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)（一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)），從句根據(jù)不同情況必須使用過去時(shí)態(tài)的一種，（大自然的現(xiàn)象和真理除外）。
5 He is wanting to know what I can cook for dinner. who broke the window yesterday. when I can have a holiday. why I failed the exam yesterday. where I should have dinner with my friend tonight. which book is the best one. if (whether) I have passed the exam. how my cat escaped from the room last night. 在例子5中，當(dāng)主語是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，一般將來時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)），從句可根據(jù)不同情況使用各種時(shí)態(tài)。
三、注意 A 賓語從句必須用陳述語序。
False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job. Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job. B 有時(shí)候可以用it 作形式賓語，而把真正的賓語從句放在后面。
Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible. Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours. Bad: He left whether we should continue this project to my judgment. Good: He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project. C 帶有賓語從句的復(fù)合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。
Bad: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher. Good: I don’t think he likes the English teacher. D 主句一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句也要用過去時(shí)態(tài)；具體細(xì)節(jié)請(qǐng)看第一部分。
False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner. Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner. 賓語從句的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴滴 賓語從句是英語復(fù)合句中的其中非常重要的從句之一。
它是用一個(gè)句子做另一個(gè)句子的賓語，將這個(gè)句子叫做賓語從句。
賓語從句做介詞或及物動(dòng)詞的賓語。
現(xiàn)在從下列三個(gè)方面總結(jié)歸納如下： 一，引導(dǎo)詞 A,由that 引導(dǎo)的陳述句性的賓語從句，在很多動(dòng)詞如say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等動(dòng)詞后。
連詞that只起連接作用，在從句中不做句子的成分，也無詞匯意義，在口語中常被省略，但在大多數(shù)情況下還是以不省為好，特別是在筆語中。
例：I told him that he was wrong. l在think,believe, suppose, expect等動(dòng)詞引起的賓語從句中，有時(shí)謂語盡管是否定意義，卻不用否定形式，而將think 等動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问健?/p>
例：I don’t think you are right. (我認(rèn)為你做的不對(duì)) l在許多帶有復(fù)合賓語的句子中，that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句經(jīng)常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式賓語。
例：We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone (我認(rèn)為他向每一個(gè)人撒謊是錯(cuò)誤的) B,由連詞if、 whether 引導(dǎo)的表示“是否…”的賓語從句。
Whether,if 在從句中不做句子的成分，一般情況下，whether和if 可以替換。
例：I don’t know if\\\/whether he will come tomorrow. The teacher asked if\\\/whether we had finished the experiment. l在介詞后面的賓語從句中不用if引導(dǎo) 例：Everything depends on whether we have enough money。
l賓語從句中有or not時(shí)不用if引導(dǎo). 例：I don’t know whether the movie star will come or not. l和不定式連用作賓語時(shí)不用if引導(dǎo). 例：Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided. C,由wh-引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。
連接代詞who,whom,whose, what, which,和連接副詞when, where, why, how 等連接的賓語從句，它們?cè)诰渲屑从羞B接從句的作用，又在句中充當(dāng)句子的成分。
例：Do you know which film they are talking about? (which做定語) I don’t know where he lives. (where 做地點(diǎn)狀語) 二，賓語從句的語序， 賓語從句從句的語序必須是陳述語序，即連接詞+主語+謂語+其他成分 例：I believe that they will come soon. He asked me whether I was a teacher. They wanted to know what they can do for us. 二，賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)。
賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)受主句的限制， 既：主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。
主句是一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句用相應(yīng)的過去的時(shí)態(tài)。
如果從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之前，則從句要用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。
例: 1)She says that she is a student. She said that she was a student. 2)She says that she will fly to Japan in a week. She said that she would fly to Japan in a week. 3)She says that she has finished her homework already. She said that she had finished her homework already. 4)She says that she can sing a song in English. She said that she could sing a song in English. l如果賓語從句說的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象或事實(shí)時(shí)，這時(shí)賓語從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。
例：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. He told me that Japan is an island country. lCould you tell me…是用來征詢對(duì)方的意見，語氣委婉，并不表示過去。
例：Could you tell me when we will visit the Histury Museum? 注意事項(xiàng)： u由陳述句變成賓語從句時(shí)，要注意人稱的變化。
例：She said: “I have been to England before.” She said that she had been to England before. She asked me: “Do you like maths?” She asked me if I liked maths. u賓語從句與簡(jiǎn)單句的交換。
由連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，如果賓語從句的主語和主句的主語是同一個(gè)人時(shí)，可以用“疑問詞+不定式 ”做賓語的簡(jiǎn)單句結(jié)構(gòu)。
例：I don’t know what I should do next.
