英語(yǔ)句子成分分
一、主語(yǔ)(subject): 是一句的主體，是全句述說(shuō)的對(duì)象，常用名詞，數(shù)詞或代詞擔(dān)任，一般放于句首。句子說(shuō)明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. (名詞)
He likes dancing. (代詞)
Twenty years is a short time in history. (數(shù)詞)
Seeing is believing. (動(dòng)名詞)
To see is to believe. (不定式)
What he needs is a book. (主語(yǔ)從句)
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
(It形式主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)從句是真正主語(yǔ))
二、謂語(yǔ)(predicate):是對(duì)主語(yǔ)加以陳述，表示主語(yǔ)的行為或狀態(tài)，常用動(dòng)詞或者動(dòng)詞詞組擔(dān)任，放在主語(yǔ)的后面。說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和特征。
We study English.
He is asleep.
三、表語(yǔ)(predicative):表示行為的對(duì)象，常由名詞或者代詞擔(dān)任。放在及物動(dòng)詞或者介詞之后。系動(dòng)詞之后的成分，表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。
He is a teacher. (名詞)
Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代詞)
Five and five is ten. (數(shù)詞)
He is asleep. (形容詞)
His father is in. (副詞)
The picture is on the wall. (介詞短語(yǔ))
My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容詞化的分詞)
To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. ” (不定式)
The question is whether they will come. (表語(yǔ)從句)
常見(jiàn)的.系動(dòng)詞有: be, sound(聽(tīng)起來(lái))， look(看起來(lái))， feel(摸起來(lái))，smell(聞起來(lái))，
taste(嘗、吃起來(lái))， remain(保持，仍是)， feel(感覺(jué)) ….
It sounds a good idea.
The sound sounds strange.
Her voice sounds sweet.
Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious.
The food tastes good.
The door remains open.
Now I feel tired.
三、賓語(yǔ)：
1)動(dòng)作的承受者——?jiǎng)淤e
I like China. (名詞)
He hates you. (代詞)
How many do you need? We need two. (數(shù)詞)
We should help the old and the poor.
I enjoy working with you. (動(dòng)名詞)
I hope to see you again. (不定式)
Did you write down what he said? (賓語(yǔ)從句)
2)介詞后的名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞——介賓
Are you afraid of the snake?
Under the snow, there are many rocks.
3) 雙賓語(yǔ)——間賓(指人)和直賓(指物)
He gave me a book yesterday.
Give the poor man some money.
四、賓補(bǔ)：對(duì)賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充，全稱為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
We elected him monitor. (名詞)
We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. (名)
We will make them happy. (形容詞)
We found nobody in. (副詞)
Please make yourself at home. (介詞短語(yǔ))
Don’t let him do that. (省to不定式)
His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (帶to不定式)
Don’t keep the lights burning. (現(xiàn)在分詞)
I’ll have my bike repaired. (過(guò)去分詞)
五、主補(bǔ)：對(duì)主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充。
He was elected monitor.
She was found singing in the next room.
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. www.oh100.com
六、定語(yǔ)：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名詞)
He is our friend. (代詞)
We belong to the third world. (數(shù)詞)
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容詞)
The man over there is my old friend.(副詞)
The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介詞)
The boys playing football are in Cla2. (現(xiàn)在分詞)
The trees planted last year are growing well now. (過(guò)去分詞)
I have an idea to do it well. ()
You should do everything that I do. (定語(yǔ)從句)
七、狀語(yǔ)：狀語(yǔ)是用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞或整個(gè)句子的成分。常由副詞擔(dān)任。修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí)可以放在動(dòng)詞之前，也可以放在動(dòng)詞之后;修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)放在它們之前。
(以下例句按上述順序排列) I will go there tomorrow.
The meeting will be held in the meetingroom.
The meat went bad because of the hot weather.
He studies hard to learn English well.
He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam.
I like some of you very much.
If you study hard, you will pathe exam.
He goes to school by bike.
Though he is young, he can do it well.
用來(lái)修飾v., adj., adv., or 句子。 表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。
（以下例句按上述順序排列） I will go there tomorrow.
The meeting will be held in the meetingroom.
The meat went bad because of the hot weather.
He studies hard to learn English well.
He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam.
I like some of you very much.
If you study hard, you will pathe exam.
He goes to school by bike.
Though he is young, he can do it well.
二、謂語(yǔ)（predicate）：
說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和特征。
We study English.
He is asleep.
三、表語(yǔ)（predicative）：
系動(dòng)詞之后的成分，表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。
He is a teacher. （名詞）
Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （代詞）
Five and five is ten. （數(shù)詞）
He is asleep. （形容詞）
His father is in. （副詞）
The picture is on the wall. （介詞短語(yǔ)）
My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容詞化的分詞）
To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. ” （不定式）
The question is whether they will come. （表語(yǔ)從句）
常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞有： be, sound（聽(tīng)起來(lái)）， look（看起來(lái)）， feel（摸起來(lái)），smell（聞起來(lái)），
taste（嘗、吃起來(lái)）， remain（保持，仍是），（感覺(jué)） …
It sounds a good idea.
The sound sounds strange.
Her voice sounds sweet.
Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious.
The food tastes good.
The door remains open.
Now I feel tired.
四、賓語(yǔ)：
1）動(dòng)作的承受者——?jiǎng)淤e
I like China. （名詞）
He hates you. （代詞）
How many do you need? We need two. （數(shù)詞）
We should help the old and the poor.
I enjoy working with you. （動(dòng)名詞）
I hope to see you again. （不定式）
Did you write down what he said? （賓語(yǔ)從句）
2）介詞后的名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞——介賓
Are you afraid of the snake?
Under the snow, there are many rocks.
3） 雙賓語(yǔ)——間賓（指人）和直賓（指物）
He gave me a book yesterday.
Give the poor man some money.
五、賓補(bǔ)：
對(duì)賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充，全稱為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
We elected him monitor. （名詞）
We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名）
We will make them happy. （形容詞）
We found nobody in. （副詞）
Please make yourself at home. （介詞短語(yǔ)）
Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式）
His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （帶to不定式）
Don’t keep the lights burning. （現(xiàn)在分詞）
I’ll have my bike repaired. （過(guò)去分詞）
六、主補(bǔ)：
對(duì)主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充。
He was elected monitor.
She was found singing in the next room.
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. www.oh100.com
七、定語(yǔ)：
修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名詞）
He is our friend. （代詞）
We belong to the third world. （數(shù)詞）
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容詞）
The man over there is my old friend.（副詞）
The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. （介詞）
The boys playing football are in Cla2. （現(xiàn)在分詞）
The trees planted last year are growing well now. （過(guò)去分詞）
I have an idea to do it well. （不定式）
You should do everything that I do. （定語(yǔ)從句）
八、主語(yǔ)（subject）：
句子說(shuō)明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. （名詞）
He likes dancing. （代詞）
Twenty years is a short time in history. （數(shù)詞）
Seeing is believing. （動(dòng)名詞）
To see is to believe. （不定式）
What he needs is a book. （主語(yǔ)從句）
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
（It形式主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)從句是真正主語(yǔ)）
句子成分(Members of a Sentence) There be 結(jié)構(gòu)： There be 表示?存在有?。這里的there沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義，不可與副詞
什么叫句子成分呢？句子的組成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，詞與詞之間有?there那里?混淆。此結(jié)構(gòu)后跟名詞，表示?（存在）有某事物? 試比較：There is a 一定的組合關(guān)系，按照不同的關(guān)系，可以把句子分為不同的組成成分。句子成分boy there.（那兒有一個(gè)男孩。）/前一個(gè)there無(wú)實(shí)意，后一個(gè)there為副詞?那里?。 由詞或詞組充當(dāng)?，F(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)里一般的句子成分有六種，即主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定基本句型 三： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋謂＋賓） 語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。英語(yǔ)的基本成分有七種：主語(yǔ)（subject）、謂語(yǔ)（predicate）、表此句型句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都具有實(shí)義，都是主語(yǔ)產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)作，但語(yǔ)（predicative）、賓語(yǔ)（object）、定語(yǔ)（attribute狀語(yǔ)(adverbial) 和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（complement）。 不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，即動(dòng)作的承受者，才能使意思完整。
英語(yǔ)句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。這類動(dòng)詞叫做及物動(dòng)詞。賓語(yǔ)位于及物動(dòng)詞之后，一般同主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成一樣，不同的掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。 是構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)的代詞必須是?代詞賓格?，如：me，him，them等 Ｓ│Ｖ及物動(dòng)詞│Ｏ
1. Who │knows │the answer?2. She │smiled │her thanks. 英語(yǔ)五種基本句型列式如下：
3. He │has refused │to help them.4. He │enjoys │reading. 一.ＳＶ（主＋謂）二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）三：ＳＶＯ（主＋謂＋賓）
5. They │ate │what was left over.6. He │said │"Good morning." 四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)）
7. I │want │to have a cup of tea. 8. He │admits │that he was mistaken. 基本句型 一：Ｓ Ｖ （主＋謂）
主語(yǔ)：可以作主語(yǔ)的成分有名詞，主格代詞（如you），動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞等?；揪湫?四： Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ （主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓） 主語(yǔ)一般在句首。注意名詞單數(shù)形式常和冠詞不分家！有些及物動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，如：give給，pass遞，bring帶，show顯示。這兩謂語(yǔ)：謂語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成，是英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)變化的主角，一般在主語(yǔ)之后。不及個(gè)賓語(yǔ)通常人為間接賓語(yǔ)；物為直接賓語(yǔ)。間接賓語(yǔ)一般位于直接賓語(yǔ)之前。一物動(dòng)詞（vi.）沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)，形成主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，如：We come.般的順序?yàn)椋簞?dòng)詞 + 間接賓語(yǔ) + 直接賓語(yǔ)。如：Give me a cup of tea,please. 此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同點(diǎn)，即句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動(dòng)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語(yǔ)順序?yàn)椋簞?dòng)詞 + 直接賓語(yǔ) +介詞+ 間接賓語(yǔ)。如： 叫做不及物動(dòng)詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)從句等。Ｓ│Ｖ 不及物動(dòng)詞） Show this house to Mr.Smith. 若直接賓語(yǔ)為人稱代詞：動(dòng)詞+ 代詞直接賓語(yǔ) +介1. The sun │was shining. 2. The moon │rose. 3. The universe │remains.詞 + 間接賓語(yǔ)。如：Bring it to me,please. Ｓ│Ｖ及物│ｏ多指人）│Ｏ（多指物） 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 5. Who │cares? 6. What he said │does not matter. 1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress. 2. He │brought │you │a dictionary. 7. They │talked for half an hour. 8. The pen │writes smoothly 3.She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal. 4. He │denies │her │nothing.
5. I │showed │him │my pictures.6. I │gave │my car │a wash. 基本句型 二： Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表）
此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)：句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思，7. I │told │him │that the bus was late. 8. He │showed │me │how to run the machine. 必須加上一個(gè)表明主語(yǔ)身份或狀態(tài)的表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)，才能表達(dá)完整的意思?；揪湫?五： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)） 這類動(dòng)詞叫做連系動(dòng)詞。系動(dòng)詞分兩類：be, look, keep, seem等屬一類，表示情況；此句型的句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還不get, grow, become, turn等屬另一類，表示變化。be 本身沒(méi)有什么意義,只起連系主能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來(lái)補(bǔ)足賓語(yǔ)，才能使意思完整。 語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的作用。其它系動(dòng)詞仍保持其部分詞義。感官動(dòng)詞多可用作聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞：look 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：位于賓語(yǔ)之后對(duì)賓語(yǔ)作出說(shuō)明的成分。賓語(yǔ)與其補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)有邏輯well/面色好,sound nice/聽(tīng)起來(lái)不錯(cuò),feel good/感覺(jué)好，smell bad/難聞上的主謂關(guān)系，它們一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。 Ｓ │Ｖ（是系動(dòng)詞）│ Ｐ His face │turned │red. 名詞/代詞賓格 + 名詞The war made him a soldier. 1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner │smells │good./代詞賓格名詞 + 形容詞New methods make the job easy.3. He │fell │in love.4. Everything │looks │different.5.He│is growing │tall and strong.名詞/代詞賓格 + 介詞短語(yǔ)I often find him at work. 6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money.7. Our well │has gone │dry. 名詞 / 代詞賓格 + 動(dòng)詞不定式The teacher ask the students to close the windows.
名詞/代詞賓格 + 分詞 I saw a cat running across the road. Ｓ │Ｖ（及物）│ Ｏ（賓語(yǔ)） │ Ｃ（賓補(bǔ)）
1. They │appointed │him │manager. 2. They │painted │the door │green. 3. This │set │them │thinking. 4. They │found │the house │deserted. 5. What │makes │him │think so? 6. We │saw │him │out.
7. He │asked │me │to come back soon. 8. I │saw │them │getting on the bus.
但常用的英語(yǔ)句子并不都象基本句型這樣簡(jiǎn)短，這些句子除了基本句型的成分不變外，通常是在這些成分的前面或后面增加一些修飾語(yǔ)（modifier）而加以擴(kuò)大。這些修飾語(yǔ)可以是單詞（主要是形容詞、副詞和數(shù)詞），也可以是各種類型的短語(yǔ)（主要是介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)和分詞短語(yǔ)）。我們稱之為：定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)
名詞、動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞等充當(dāng)。如The ones who really want it are ourselves.
They are brother and sister. What I want to say is this. Her father is sixty-five.John is captain of the team.The poor boy was myself.
All you need do is to take a taxi from the airport.My favourite sport is swimming. 常用作連系動(dòng)詞：① 變成,變得：become, come, fall, get, go, grow, run, turn
口訣：好是come，壞是go;天氣、外貌慢慢grow; 流水、金錢(qián)緩緩run;顏色、天氣大不同turn；Get become口語(yǔ)化，如果要說(shuō)就用它.
Come 一般表示事物由壞變好，結(jié)果是好的。如：Dreams come true.
Go一般表示事物由好變壞。It's such a hot day today that this dish has gone smelly.Grow 表示逐漸變化，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是緩慢變化的過(guò)程，后面往往接表示天氣或外貌變化的靜態(tài)形容詞。如：I want to grow old with you. 英語(yǔ)句子(sentence)=主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（核心：主動(dòng)詞）英語(yǔ)句子成分歌
Run其主語(yǔ)多為能流動(dòng)能消耗的東西Still water runs deep.靜水深流。 英語(yǔ)句子八呀八大塊，主謂賓表真呀真實(shí)在；補(bǔ)語(yǔ)跟著賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)跑， 與grow對(duì)應(yīng)。
Turn多接表示顏色和天氣的形容詞，側(cè)重于表達(dá)與之前大不相同。 定語(yǔ)同位（語(yǔ)）專把名詞踹。狀語(yǔ)的位置它自由自在，忽右忽左隨心所欲擺。渾
The weather suddenly turned hot. In spring the trees turn green, the flowers come out. 身的毛病真呀真不少，前后亂竄它還會(huì)加塞。（RAP）
Getecome在口語(yǔ)表達(dá)時(shí)用得比較多，但這二者相比，become相對(duì)正式些，其主
一、主語(yǔ) 句子一般要有主語(yǔ)。
語(yǔ)既可以是人也可以是物。如：He got angry on hearing the news.聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息，他
在簡(jiǎn)單句中，主語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式(短語(yǔ)) 來(lái)充當(dāng)。動(dòng)名
變得很生氣?？傊?，不管英語(yǔ)多么“變”化多端，萬(wàn)“變”不離其宗。
詞、動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)通常用 it 作形式主語(yǔ)。
系詞be它有三，am is are ，我（I）用am，you（你）用are，is 用于他她它；單
■名詞作主語(yǔ)English is very important. The students all love their English teacher.
數(shù)is，復(fù)數(shù)are，認(rèn)真做題不出差。（否句be后not加，疑問(wèn)句，be句首，句尾？
■代詞They go to school by bus. Most of the students come from the countryside.
不要丟。）② 保持某種狀態(tài)：Continue, keep, lie, remain, stand, stay.
■動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. It?s no use regretting it.
③ 看起來(lái)，好像：Appear, look, seem.④ 感官動(dòng)詞：Feel, smell, sound, taste.
■動(dòng)詞不定式(短語(yǔ))作主語(yǔ)To see is to believe. It is very hard to get to sleep.
四、賓語(yǔ)
二、謂語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)必須由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)，但動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
賓語(yǔ)是行為動(dòng)作的對(duì)象，一般可分為動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)和介詞賓語(yǔ)，充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的可以是名
不能作謂語(yǔ)?？勺髦^語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞一般為行為動(dòng)詞(表動(dòng)作)和連系動(dòng)詞(表狀態(tài))，行為
詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式或整個(gè)句子。如：
動(dòng)詞根據(jù)其后是否可直接接賓語(yǔ)，又可分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。
I like Chinese food. I bought a ticket for Milan. I enjoyed talking to you.
■及物動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)We should help each other. They respect one another.
Have you finished dressing? He certainly did not want to join them.
All of the students like the novel.Did you see many people there?
They decided to close the border.We hoped that all would come well.
■不及物動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)He left here yesterday. The teacher came in, book in hand.
We expected that you would stay for a few days.
You?re driving too fast.He went abroad in the September of 1988.
“七給”一“帶”to不少,“買(mǎi)”畫(huà)“制作”for來(lái)了。
■連系動(dòng)詞表狀態(tài)He is an excellent teacher. Her son is a friend of ours.
帶雙賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞,如果把直接賓語(yǔ)置于間接賓語(yǔ)之前,必須在變換時(shí)“to”或
三、表語(yǔ)
“for”。這11個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞可以概括為下邊兩句話,讀起來(lái)妙趣橫生,效果很好
表語(yǔ)與連系動(dòng)詞連用，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份或特征，一般由形容詞、
1、“七給”(give, pass, lend, write, show, send, hand)和“帶”(bring)8個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞,在
直接賓語(yǔ)前置時(shí),必須在后面加上“to”。即“vt. + sth. + to + sb.” 如:He lent some money to me.類似動(dòng)詞的還有g(shù)et,mail,offer,owe(借），pay,promise,read,sell,take,teach 2、“buy”(買(mǎi));“draw”(畫(huà));“make”(制作)三個(gè)動(dòng)詞,在直接賓語(yǔ)前置時(shí),則必須在后邊加“for”,構(gòu)成“vt. + sth. + for + sb.”。Mother bought a new dress for me。類似的動(dòng)詞還有：build，choose, cook, cut, do, find, fix,leave,order(訂購(gòu)）,reach等。 3、當(dāng)直接賓語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)，間接賓語(yǔ)for和to于直接賓語(yǔ)之后 Richard made it for him。Give it to me。
4有些動(dòng)詞后可單獨(dú)用直接賓語(yǔ)、間接賓語(yǔ)或雙賓語(yǔ)如ask,teach,tell,owe, pay.I asked John. I asked a question. I asked John a question.
5、 suggest,explain,introduce,mention,deliver,announce等動(dòng)詞后必須跟介詞to,不能進(jìn)行直接賓語(yǔ)與間接賓語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)換。Could you explain your point of view to us? =Could you explain to us your point of view?
6、 易錯(cuò)的動(dòng)詞：搶劫/偷某人某物：Rob/steal sb. sth (錯(cuò)誤）
正確的說(shuō)法：rob sb of sthsteal sb from sth.類似的cure sb of illness 治愈某人疾病 rid sb of sth 從----中除去（不好的東西 supply sb with sth 供給某人某物 provide sb with sth 給某人提供某物 accuse sb of sth 控告某人某事 cheat sb of sth 騙取某人某物 inform / advise sb of sth 通知某人某事 remind sb of sth 是某人想起某事 warn sb of sth 警告某人某情況 charge sb with sth 指責(zé)某人某事 五、定語(yǔ)
一、 定語(yǔ)：定語(yǔ)是對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子，漢語(yǔ)中常用?……的?表示。定語(yǔ)通常位于被修飾的成分前。若修飾some,any,every,no構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)，（如：something、nothing）；或不定式、分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)、從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，則定語(yǔ)通常置后。副詞用作定語(yǔ)時(shí)須放在名詞之后。
His father is a doctor.Mr. Green has two sons.The girl under the tree is Kate. The man downstairs couldn?t sleep well. I bought a new dictionary.
Can you find out the answer to the question？ Would you like something to drink?A barking dog seldom bites. 吠狗很少咬人。A man going to die is always kind-hearted. 人之將死，其言也善。The suggestion sent to the committee was adopted. Do you know the man who is standing next to Mr. Green?
形容詞作定語(yǔ)：Tom is a handsome boy. There is a good boy.
The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修飾名詞boy；blue修飾名詞pen.）/
數(shù)詞作定語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于形容詞：There are two boys in the room. Two boys need two pens.The two boys are students.
代詞或名詞所有格作定語(yǔ)：His boy needs Tom's penHis name is Tom. There are two boys of Toms there.
介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)：There are two boys of 9,and three of 10.
The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.The boy in blue is Tom.
名詞作定語(yǔ)：The boy needs a ball pen. It is a ball pen. There is only one ball pen 副詞作定語(yǔ)：The boy there needs a pen.The best boy here is Tom. 不定式作定語(yǔ)：The boy to write this letter needs a pen.。
The boy to write this letter is Tom. There is nothing to do today.
分詞（短語(yǔ)）作定語(yǔ)：The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother. The pen bought by her is made in China. There are five boys left.。
定語(yǔ)從句：The boy you will know is Tom. There are five boys who will play the game. The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday. 六、狀語(yǔ)：
狀語(yǔ)在句子中的位置很靈活，常見(jiàn)情況為：通常在句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)之后，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首；修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)，通常位于被修飾的詞之前；表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的的狀語(yǔ)一般位于句子兩頭，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首，地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)一般須在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)之前；一些表示不確定時(shí)間（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副詞狀語(yǔ)通常位于be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，動(dòng)詞之前。有時(shí)狀語(yǔ)在句中的某個(gè)位置會(huì)引起歧義應(yīng)注意，如The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成?男孩喊教室里的女孩（?此時(shí)in the classroom為girl的定語(yǔ)），也可以理解為?男孩在教室里喊女孩（?此時(shí)in the classroom為地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)），最好寫(xiě)作?In the classroom,the boy calls the girl.' 副詞（短語(yǔ)）作狀語(yǔ)：The boy needs a pen very much.（程度狀語(yǔ)） The boy really needs a pen.（程度狀語(yǔ)）
The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen.（時(shí)狀）介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)：In the classroom,the boy needs a pen.（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)） Before his mother,Tom is always a boy.(條狀)
分詞（短語(yǔ)）作狀語(yǔ)：He sits there,asking for a pen（表示伴隨狀態(tài)） Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen.（原因狀語(yǔ)） Frightened,he sits there soundlessly./（（原因狀語(yǔ)）
不定式作狀語(yǔ)：The boy needs a pen to do his homework.（目的狀語(yǔ)）
To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business. 名詞作狀語(yǔ)：Come this way!/走這條路?。ǚ较驙钫Z(yǔ)）
英語(yǔ)中的狀語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞，主要由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞充當(dāng)，或由連詞引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度、目的、方式，比較、讓步、條件、原因、結(jié)果、伴隨等。
(1) 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)I often get up at 5:30 in the morning.
Hearing the news, they felt very excited.Go along this street until you reach the end. (2) 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) Pandas only live in China. You should put the book where it was. (3) 程度狀語(yǔ)I have quite a lot of work to do.
(4) 目的狀語(yǔ)We?ll go to the beach for a picnic this Sunday. He took some change from his pocket to buy a newspaper. She got up early so that she could catch the first bus.
(5) 方式狀語(yǔ)We usually go to school on foot. Please do it as I told you. (6) 讓步狀語(yǔ)Though she has a lot of money, she is unhappy. No matter what happens, I will never lose heart.
(7) 條件狀語(yǔ)If you don?t work hard, you?ll fall behind the others. Given more attention, the flowers would have grown better.
(8) 比較狀語(yǔ)Your watch is not the same as mine. Mike is not as (so) tall as Jack. (9) 原因狀語(yǔ)We didn?t go to the park because of the bad weather. I?m glad to meet you. Being ill, he didn?t go to school. (10) 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)He left early, so that he caught the train. The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.
(11) 伴隨狀語(yǔ)The doctor hurried off, with a medicine box under his arm. The teacher came into the classroom, followed by a group of his students. 七、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)主要用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)，與賓語(yǔ)之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，可由名詞、形容詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞等充當(dāng)。如：
Tom found the climb quite easy.Don?t be so formal. Call me Jim. I?m finished. Let?s go now. You must keep it clean.
I have the car waiting.We had the machine repaired. Why don?t you have your hair cut? He had his finger cut.
I had my watch stolen yesterday. I have a lot of work to do.
She has plenty of clothes to wear. He made me repeat the story. Rain makes plants grow. 注意：后跟名詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有 call, name, think, make, choose 等，后跟形容詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有 keep, find, get, think, make 等。動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為感官動(dòng)詞(如 feel, see, hear, notice, watch, observe, listen to, look at 等)，使役動(dòng)詞(如 let, have, make 等)，動(dòng)詞不定式不帶 to。 八、同位語(yǔ)：同位語(yǔ)是在名詞或代詞之后并列名詞或代詞對(duì)前者加以說(shuō)明的成分，近乎于后置定語(yǔ)。如：We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位語(yǔ)，都是指同一批?學(xué)生?）We all are students. / (all是we的同位語(yǔ)，都指同樣的?我們?）九、獨(dú)立成分：有時(shí)句子中會(huì)有一些與句子沒(méi)有語(yǔ)法聯(lián)系的成分，稱為句子獨(dú)立成分(注意：區(qū)別于分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu))。感嘆詞：oh,hello,aha,ah,等肯定詞yes否定詞no稱呼語(yǔ)：稱呼人的用語(yǔ)。插入語(yǔ)：一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等。
如: The story,I think,has never come to the end.情態(tài)詞,表示說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣（多作為修飾全句的狀語(yǔ)）:perhaps也許,maybe大概,actually實(shí)際上,certainly當(dāng)然，等。 十、分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)：分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)其邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)一致! 否則應(yīng)有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。
例：錯(cuò)句：Studying hard,your score will go up.正確：(1) Studying hard,you can make your score go up.或 (2)If you study hard,your score will go up.
解析：錯(cuò)句中分詞studying沒(méi)有自帶邏輯主語(yǔ)，則其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)，既your score . 顯然做study的應(yīng)是人，不應(yīng)是your score（分?jǐn)?shù)）. 正確句(1)更正了句子的主語(yǔ),使其與分詞邏輯主語(yǔ)一致( 同為you );正確句(2)則使用條件分句帶出study的主語(yǔ),(不過(guò)已經(jīng)不是分詞結(jié)構(gòu)了). 分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)常省略being,having been.不過(guò)?There being...?的場(chǎng)合不能省略.如：
Game (being) over,he went home. He stands there,book (being) in hand. 獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)還可用with、without引導(dǎo)，作狀語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)不但可以用分詞，還可以用不定式、形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞或名詞等。如：
With nothing to do,he fell asleep soon. The teacher came in,with glasses on his nose. 句子成分練習(xí)題( 一 )
(一). 指出下列句中主語(yǔ)的中心詞（4分， 4分鐘）
① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here.
③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
(二) 選出句中謂語(yǔ)的中心詞（10分， 10分鐘）
① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. Picture D. wall ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. daysD. summer
③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C.go D. bus ④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon
⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A.Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast ⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A. Tom B. didn't C. do D. his homework ⑦ What I want to tell you is this.A. wantB. to tellC. youD. is ⑧ We had better send for a doctor. A. We B. had C. send D. doctor ⑨ He is interested in music. A. is B. interested C. inD. music ⑩ Whom did you give my book to? A. give B.did C. whom D. book (三) 挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)（10分，10分鐘）
① My brother hasn't done his homework.② People all over the world speak English. ③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. ④ How many new words did you learn last class?
⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? ⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. ⑦ They made him monitor of the class.
⑧ Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. ⑨ You will find it useful after you leave school.
⑩ They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is. (四) 挑出下列句中的表語(yǔ)（5分， 5分鐘）
① The old man was feeling very tired. ② Why is he worried about Jim?
③ The leaves have turned yellow.④ Soon They all became interested in the subject. ⑤ She was the first to learn about it.
(五) 挑出下列句中的定語(yǔ)（6分，6分鐘）
① They use Mr, Mrs with the family name.② What is your given name? ③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.
④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. ⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
⑥ I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!
(六) 挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（6分， 6分鐘）
① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. ② He asked her to take the boy out of school.④ They call me Lily sometimes. ③ She found it difficult to do the work. ⑤ I saw Mr Wang get on the bus. ⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now? (七) 挑出下列句中的狀語(yǔ)（8分， 8分鐘）
① There was a big smile on her face.② Every night he heard the noise upstairs. ③ He began to learn English when he was eleven. ④ The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.
⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. ⑥ She loves the library because she loves books.
⑦ I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.
⑧ The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine. (八) 劃出句中的直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)（5分， 5分鐘）
① Please tell us a story.② My father bought a new bike for me last week. ③ Mr Li is going to teach us history next term.
④ Here is a pen.Give it to Tom.⑤ Did he leave any message for me? 答案 (一)① teacher ② man ③ dictionary④ To do
(二)① B② A ③ C ④ A ⑤ C ⑥ C ⑦ D ⑧ C⑨ A⑩ A
(三)①homework. ②English. ③attention ④words ⑤to go swimming ⑥ he was ill.⑦ him monitor⑧bridge museum⑨ it school. ⑩ who"Father Christmas"really is.(四)①tired.②worried ③yellow.④interested ⑤the first
(五)① family②given③third ④ some ⑤downstairs⑥ of the other shoe!
(六)①to read newspapers and books ②to take the boy ③ difficult④ Lily⑤ get on the bus ⑥ playing football
(七)① on her face. ②Every night③ when he was eleven.
④ too fast.⑤ With the medicine box under her arm⑥ because she loves books.⑦ if you?ve lost it⑧ to see the other machine.
(八)① us, 間接賓語(yǔ) a story, 直接賓語(yǔ)② me, 間接賓語(yǔ) a new bike, 直接賓語(yǔ) ③ us, 間接賓語(yǔ) history, 直接賓語(yǔ)
④ Tom, 間接賓語(yǔ) it, 直接賓語(yǔ) ⑤ me, 間接賓語(yǔ) message, 直接賓語(yǔ)
篇二：高中英語(yǔ)句子成分分析
句子成分(Members of a Sentence)
什么叫句子成分呢？句子的組成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，詞與詞之間有一定的組合關(guān)系，按照不同的關(guān)系，可以把句子分為不同的組成成分。句子成分由詞或詞組充當(dāng)?，F(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)里一般的句子成分有六種，即主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。英語(yǔ)的基本成分有七種：主語(yǔ)（subject）、謂語(yǔ)（predicate）、表語(yǔ)（predicative）、賓語(yǔ)（object）、定語(yǔ)（attribute）、狀語(yǔ)(adverbial) 和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（complement）。
英語(yǔ)句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。
英語(yǔ)五種基本句型列式如下： 一： Ｓ Ｖ （主＋謂） 二： Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表） 三： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋謂＋賓）
四： Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ （主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓） 五： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)）
2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains.宇宙長(zhǎng)存。
4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我們大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares? 管它呢？
6. What he said │does not matter.他所講的沒(méi)有什么關(guān)系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他們談了半個(gè)小時(shí)。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 這支筆書(shū)寫(xiě)流利。
基本句型 二： Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表）
此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)：句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)表明主語(yǔ)身份或狀態(tài)的表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動(dòng)詞叫做連系動(dòng)詞。系動(dòng)詞分兩類：be, look, keep, seem等屬一類，表示情況；get, grow, become, turn等屬另一類，表示變化。be 本身沒(méi)有什么意義,只起連系主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的作用。其它系動(dòng)詞仍保持其部分詞義。感官動(dòng)詞多可用作聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞：look well/面色好,sound nice/聽(tīng)起來(lái)不錯(cuò),feel good/感覺(jué)好，smell bad/難聞 Ｓ │Ｖ（是系動(dòng)詞）│ Ｐ
1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 這是本英漢辭典。 2. The dinner │smells │good. 午餐的氣味很好。 3. He │fell │in love. 他墮入了情網(wǎng)。 4. Everything │looks │different. 一切看來(lái)都不同了。 5. He │is growing │tall and strong.他長(zhǎng)得又高又壯 6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 麻煩的是他們?nèi)鄙馘X(qián)。
7. Our well │has gone │dry.我們井干枯了。 8. His face │turned │red. 他的臉紅了。
There be 結(jié)構(gòu)： There be 表示‘存在有’。這里的there沒(méi)有實(shí)際
基本句型 一：Ｓ Ｖ （主＋謂）
主語(yǔ)：可以作主語(yǔ)的成分有名詞（如boy），主格代詞（如you），動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞等。主語(yǔ)一般在句首。注意名詞單數(shù)形式常和冠詞不分家！
謂語(yǔ)：謂語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成，是英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)變化的主角，一般在主語(yǔ)之后。不及物動(dòng)詞（vi.）沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)，形成主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，如：We come.
此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)，即句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動(dòng)詞叫做不及物動(dòng)詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)從句等。
Ｓ │ Ｖ （不及物動(dòng)詞）
1. The sun │was shining. 太陽(yáng)在照耀著。
意義，不可與副詞‘there那里’混淆。此結(jié)構(gòu)后跟名詞，表示‘（存在）有某事物’
試比較：There is a boy there.（那兒有一個(gè)男孩。）/前一個(gè)there無(wú)實(shí)意，后一個(gè)there為副詞‘那里’。
若直接賓語(yǔ)為人稱代詞：動(dòng)詞+ 代詞直接賓語(yǔ) +介詞+ 間接賓語(yǔ)。如：Bring it to me,please.
Ｓ │Ｖ（及物）│ ｏ（多指人） │ Ｏ（多指物）
1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress. 她給自己定了一套新衣裳。 2. She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal. 她給丈夫煮了一頓美餐。
3. He │brought │you │a dictionary. 他給你帶來(lái)了一本字典。 4. He │denies │her │nothing. 他對(duì)她什么都不拒絕。 5. I │showed │him │my pictures. 我給他看我的照片 6. I │gave │my car │a wash. 我洗了我的汽車。
7. I │told │him │that the bus was late. 我告訴他汽車晚點(diǎn)了。 8. He │showed │me │how to run the machine. 他教我開(kāi)機(jī)器。
基本句型 三： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋謂＋賓）
此句型句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都具有實(shí)義，都是主語(yǔ)產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)作，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，即動(dòng)作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動(dòng)詞叫做及物動(dòng)詞。賓語(yǔ)位于及物動(dòng)詞之后，一般同主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成一樣，不同的是構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)的代詞必須是‘代詞賓格’，如：me，him，them等 Ｓ │Ｖ（及物動(dòng)詞）│ Ｏ
1. Who │knows │the answer? 誰(shuí)知道答案？ 2. She │smiled │her thanks. 她微笑表示感謝。 3. He │has refused │to help them. 他拒絕幫他們。 4. He │enjoys │reading. 他喜歡看書(shū)。
5. They │ate │what was left over. 他們吃了剩飯。 6. He │said │"Good morning." 他說(shuō)："早上好！" 7. I │want │to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。 8. He │admits │that he was mistaken. 他承認(rèn)犯了錯(cuò)誤。
基本句型 五： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)）
此句型的句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來(lái)補(bǔ)足賓語(yǔ)，才能使意思完整。
賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：位于賓語(yǔ)之后對(duì)賓語(yǔ)作出說(shuō)明的成分。賓語(yǔ)與其補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，它們一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。 名詞/代詞賓格 + 名詞
The war made him a soldier./戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)使他成為一名戰(zhàn)士. 名詞/代詞賓格 + 形容詞
New methods make the job easy./新方法使這項(xiàng)工作變得輕松.名詞/代詞賓格 + 介詞短語(yǔ)
I often find him at work./我經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)他在工作.名詞/代詞賓格 + 動(dòng)詞不定式
The teacher ask the students to close the windows./老師讓學(xué)生們關(guān)上窗
基本句型 四： Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ （主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）
有些及物動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，如：give給，pass遞，bring帶，show顯示。這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)通常一個(gè)指人，為間接賓語(yǔ)；一個(gè)指物，為直接賓語(yǔ)。間接賓語(yǔ)一般位于直接賓語(yǔ)之前。 一般的順序?yàn)椋簞?dòng)詞 + 間接賓語(yǔ) + 直接賓語(yǔ)。如：Give me a cup of tea,please.
強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語(yǔ)順序?yàn)椋簞?dòng)詞 + 直接賓語(yǔ) +介詞+ 間接賓語(yǔ)。如： Show this house to Mr.Smith.
名詞/代詞賓格 + 分詞
I saw a cat running across the road./我看見(jiàn)一只貓跑過(guò)了馬路. Ｓ │Ｖ（及物）│ Ｏ（賓語(yǔ)） │ Ｃ（賓補(bǔ)）
1. They │appointed │him │manager. 他們?nèi)蚊?dāng)經(jīng)理。 2. They │painted │the door │green. 他們把門(mén)漆成綠色 3. This │set │them │thinking. 這使得他們要細(xì)想一想。
4. They │found │the house │deserted. 他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那房子無(wú)人居住。 5. What │makes │him │think so? 他怎么會(huì)這樣想？ 6. We │saw │him │out. 我們送他出去
7. He │asked │me │to come back soon. 他要我早點(diǎn)回來(lái)。 8. I │saw │them │getting on the bus. 我看見(jiàn)他們上了那輛公共汽車。
但常用的英語(yǔ)句子并不都象基本句型這樣簡(jiǎn)短，這些句子除了基本句型的成分不變外，通常是在這些成分的前面或后面增加一些修飾語(yǔ)（modifier）而加以擴(kuò)大。這些修飾語(yǔ)可以是單詞（主要是形容詞、副詞和數(shù)詞），也可以是各種類型的短語(yǔ)（主要是介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)和分詞短語(yǔ)）。我們稱之為：定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)
小男孩需要一支蘭色的鋼筆。
Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是個(gè)英俊的男孩。 There is a good boy./有個(gè)乖男孩。 數(shù)詞作定語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于形容詞：
Two boys need two pens./兩個(gè)男孩需要兩支鋼筆。 The two boys are students./這兩個(gè)男孩是學(xué)生。 There are two boys in the room./房間里有兩個(gè)男孩。代詞或名詞所有格作定語(yǔ)：
His boy needs Tom's pen./他的男孩需要Tom的鋼筆。 His name is Tom./他的名字是湯姆。
There are two boys of Toms there./那兒有Tom家的兩個(gè)男孩。介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)：
The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支鋼筆。
The boy in blue is Tom./穿蘭色衣服的孩子是湯姆。
There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有兩個(gè)9歲的，三個(gè)10歲的男孩。名詞作定語(yǔ)：
The boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圓珠筆。 It is a ball pen./這是一支圓珠筆。
There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./這鉛筆盒里只有一支圓珠筆。副詞作定語(yǔ)：
The boy there needs a pen./那兒的男孩需要一支鋼筆。 The best boy here is Tom./這里最棒的男孩是Tom。不定式作定語(yǔ)：
The boy to write this letter needs a pen./寫(xiě)這封信的男孩需要一支鋼筆。 The boy to write this letter is Tom./將要寫(xiě)這封信的男孩是湯姆。
一、 定語(yǔ)：定語(yǔ)是對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語(yǔ)或句
子，漢語(yǔ)中常用‘……的’表示。定語(yǔ)通常位于被修飾的成分前。若修飾some,any,every,no構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)，（如：something、nothing）；或不定式、分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)、從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，則定語(yǔ)通常置后。副詞用作定語(yǔ)時(shí)須放在名詞之后。 形容詞作定語(yǔ)：
The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修飾名詞boy；blue修飾名詞pen.）/
There is nothing to do today./今天無(wú)事要做。分詞（短語(yǔ)）作定語(yǔ)：
The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那個(gè)微笑的男孩需要一支他媽媽買(mǎi)的鋼筆。
The pen bought by her is made in China./她買(mǎi)的筆是中國(guó)產(chǎn)的。 There are five boys left./有五個(gè)留下的男孩。定語(yǔ)從句：
The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday./那個(gè)在閱讀的男孩需要你昨天買(mǎi)的鋼筆。
The boy you will know is Tom./你將認(rèn)識(shí)的男孩叫湯姆。
There are five boys who will play the game./參加游戲的男孩有五個(gè)。
The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother./男孩非常需要他母親買(mǎi)的那支鋼筆。（賓語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)則狀語(yǔ)前置）
The boy really needs a pen./男孩真的需要一支鋼筆。（程度狀語(yǔ)） The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen./男孩現(xiàn)在需要一支鋼筆。（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）
介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)：In the classroom,the boy needs a pen./在教室里，男孩需要一支鋼筆。（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）
Before his mother,Tom is always a boy./在母親面前,湯姆總是一個(gè)男孩子.(條件狀語(yǔ))
On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom./星期天,教室里沒(méi)有學(xué)生.(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))分詞（短語(yǔ)）作狀語(yǔ)：
He sits there,asking for a pen./他坐在那兒要一支筆。（表示伴隨狀態(tài)） Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen./因?yàn)椴坏貌煌瓿勺鳂I(yè)，男孩需要一支筆。（原因狀語(yǔ)）
Frightened,he sits there soundlessly./（因?yàn)椋┦芰梭@嚇，他無(wú)聲地坐在那兒。（原因狀語(yǔ)）不定式作狀語(yǔ)：
The boy needs a pen to do his homework./男孩需要一支筆寫(xiě)家庭作業(yè)。（目的狀語(yǔ)）
To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business./為實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想,湯姆變得對(duì)商業(yè)很有興趣.名詞作狀語(yǔ)：
Come this way!/走這條路?。ǚ较驙钫Z(yǔ)）狀語(yǔ)從句：
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句、原因狀語(yǔ)從句、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句、目的狀
二、狀語(yǔ)：狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，說(shuō)明方式、因果、
條件、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、讓步、方向、程度、目的等。
狀語(yǔ)在句子中的位置很靈活，常見(jiàn)情況為：通常在句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)之后，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首；修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)，通常位于被修飾的詞之前；表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的的狀語(yǔ)一般位于句子兩頭，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首，地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)一般須在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)之前；一些表示不確定時(shí)間（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副詞狀語(yǔ)通常位于be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，動(dòng)詞之前。
有時(shí)狀語(yǔ)在句中的某個(gè)位置會(huì)引起歧義，應(yīng)注意，如：The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成‘男孩喊教室里的女孩‘（此時(shí)in the classroom為girl的定語(yǔ)），也可以理解為‘男孩在教室里喊女孩’（此時(shí)in the classroom為地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)），最好寫(xiě)作‘In the classroom,the boy calls the girl.'
副詞（短語(yǔ)）作狀語(yǔ)：
The boy needs a pen very much./男孩非常需要一支鋼筆。（程度狀語(yǔ)）
語(yǔ)從句
、比較狀語(yǔ)從句、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句
解析：錯(cuò)句中分詞studying沒(méi)有自帶邏輯主語(yǔ)，則其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)，既your score . 顯然做study的應(yīng)是人，不應(yīng)是your score（分?jǐn)?shù)）. 正確句(1)更正了句子的主語(yǔ),使其與分詞邏輯主語(yǔ)一致( 同為you );正確句(2)則使用條件分句帶出study的主語(yǔ),(不過(guò)已經(jīng)不是分詞結(jié)構(gòu)了). 分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)常省略being,having been.不過(guò)‘There being...’的場(chǎng)合不能省略. 如：
Game (being) over,he went home.
He stands there,book (being) in hand. 獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)還可用with、without引導(dǎo)，作狀語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)不但可以用分詞，還可以用不定式、形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞或名詞等。 如：
With nothing to do,he fell asleep soon./無(wú)事可做，他很快就睡著了。 The teacher came in,with glasses on his nose./老師進(jìn)來(lái)了，戴著一付眼鏡。（注意，此句on his nose不可省略！）
三、同位語(yǔ)：同位語(yǔ)是在名詞或代詞之后并列名詞或代詞對(duì)前者加
以說(shuō)明的成分，近乎于后置定語(yǔ)。如：
We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位語(yǔ)，都是指同一批‘學(xué)生’）
We all are students. / (all是we的同位語(yǔ)，都指同樣的‘我們’）
四、獨(dú)立成分：有時(shí)句子中會(huì)有一些與句子沒(méi)有語(yǔ)法聯(lián)系的成分，
稱為句子獨(dú)立成分(注意：區(qū)別于分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu))。 感嘆詞：oh,hello,aha,ah,等。 肯定詞yes 否定詞no
稱呼語(yǔ)：稱呼人的用語(yǔ)。
插入語(yǔ)：一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等。
如: The story,I think,has never come to the end./我相信,這個(gè)故事還遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)結(jié)束.
情態(tài)詞,表示說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣（多作為修飾全句的狀語(yǔ)）:perhaps也許,maybe大概,acturely實(shí)際上,certainly當(dāng)然，等。
句子成分練習(xí)題( 一 )
(一). 指出下列句中主語(yǔ)的中心詞（4分， 4分鐘）
① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here.
③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult. (二) 選出句中謂語(yǔ)的中心詞（10分， 10分鐘） ① I don't like the picture on the wall.
A. don'tB. like C. picture D. wall ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longerC. daysD. summer
五、分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)：分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)其邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)一致!
否則應(yīng)有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。 例：
錯(cuò)句：Studying hard,your score will go up.
正確：(1) Studying hard,you can make your score go up. 或 (2)If you study hard,your score will go up.
篇三：高一英語(yǔ)句子成分分析
高中英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)從這里開(kāi)始
一、認(rèn)識(shí)初高中英語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：
即將開(kāi)始的高中學(xué)習(xí)生活，特別是英語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)是與初中階段有著很大不同：
1.課本編排上的區(qū)別：初中的每一個(gè)單元是分為4課的，每篇中有的是對(duì)話，有的是閱讀文，也配有一些練習(xí)。
而高中的每個(gè)單元并不分課，而是基本上按版塊劃分，大體為“Warming up”（熱身），然后為“l(fā)istening”（聽(tīng)力）和“speaking”（說(shuō)）， “Reading”（閱讀）。
2. 在詞匯上的區(qū)別：高中詞匯比初中詞匯近成三倍的增加，對(duì)詞性變化、用法及搭配的考查增強(qiáng)。
3. 在所學(xué)語(yǔ)法上的區(qū)別：在初中階段我們把基礎(chǔ)的語(yǔ)法內(nèi)容已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)了，而在高中我們要學(xué)習(xí)的是更深更高層次的語(yǔ)法。如定語(yǔ)從句，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、名詞性從句，倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)、虛擬語(yǔ)氣等等，高中階段的學(xué)習(xí)會(huì)比之前的所學(xué)內(nèi)容復(fù)雜得多，所以我們要充分利用暑假把之前的漏洞彌補(bǔ)好，在后面的學(xué)習(xí)中，我們也會(huì)一起與大家重溫這些知識(shí)并將之與高中內(nèi)容做一對(duì)比，為大家步入高中學(xué)習(xí)打好基礎(chǔ)。
4. 在課堂
要求上的區(qū)別：大部分的初中對(duì)學(xué)生的要求還是比較嚴(yán)格的，而這種嚴(yán)格與小學(xué)又是不同的，所以有一部分自覺(jué)性差的學(xué)生就被分化出來(lái)，在稍微寬松的環(huán)境中，對(duì)自己要求降低導(dǎo)致了滑坡的出現(xiàn)，而升入高中后又會(huì)有新的變化，對(duì)于自律要求就更加明顯了。如果你是按照老師要求做的學(xué)生，那么在高中除了把基本要求做好之外，自己一定不可放松，適當(dāng)增加課外閱讀及一些課外習(xí)題是有必要的；如果你是不太自覺(jué)的學(xué)生，那么你要努力改掉自己的毛病，除了完成要求交給老師的作業(yè)，那些如讀、背等要求也要認(rèn)真完成才能使自己的高中英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)逐步走上軌道。不管你屬于哪一種，都要持之以恒，千萬(wàn)不可因?yàn)槿魏卧蚨潘蓪?duì)自己的要求，即便是你已取得了一定成績(jī)，也沒(méi)有理由沾沾自喜。
5. 在考試評(píng)估制度上的區(qū)別：這一區(qū)別可能是影響最大的一點(diǎn)，我們?cè)S多同學(xué)初中英語(yǔ)一直較差的原因在很大程度上是由于初中這種不正常的考試制度，很多人認(rèn)為英語(yǔ)不用下功夫?qū)W，反正最后背背答案就可過(guò)關(guān)，這樣成績(jī)不錯(cuò)，學(xué)得也很輕松。一旦抱有這種想法，初中這個(gè)重要的打基礎(chǔ)的階段就被荒廢過(guò)去了，這對(duì)我們升入高中后的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)是極為不利的，這就好比是建造沒(méi)有基礎(chǔ)的空中樓閣，肯定會(huì)感到很難，很吃力。進(jìn)入高中之后我們的考試是沒(méi)有范圍的，不能靠背答案過(guò)關(guān)，而且所學(xué)所考的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該都是向高考看齊的，難度肯定不小，但同學(xué)們也不要害怕，只要認(rèn)真努力，堅(jiān)持不懈，做好充分迎接失敗的心理準(zhǔn)備，然后在每次經(jīng)歷中吸取經(jīng)驗(yàn)，一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)地彌補(bǔ)自己的不足，肯定會(huì)取得很好的成績(jī)。
二、從“跟著學(xué)”到“主動(dòng)學(xué)”——養(yǎng)成良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣
1.使用工具書(shū)的習(xí)慣。選擇一本英漢雙解詞典做自己的良師益友,遇到詞匯方面的疑問(wèn)不被動(dòng)地等待教師解答,學(xué)會(huì)自己查字典。同時(shí),自備一本好的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法工具書(shū),養(yǎng)成經(jīng)常翻閱的習(xí)慣,在口、筆頭實(shí)踐中使學(xué)生有意識(shí)地運(yùn)用所學(xué)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí),正確地理解語(yǔ)言和運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言。
2.預(yù)習(xí)的習(xí)慣。初中英語(yǔ)教師對(duì)預(yù)習(xí)要求,初中生對(duì)預(yù)習(xí)也不陌生。但到高中,隨著英語(yǔ)課文篇幅的加長(zhǎng),內(nèi)容增多,難度加大,如果沒(méi)有搞好預(yù)習(xí)就適應(yīng)不了課堂的教學(xué)進(jìn)程。
3.朗讀的習(xí)慣。外語(yǔ)不光是文字,它首先是語(yǔ)言。語(yǔ)言是要講要讀的。而我們學(xué)外語(yǔ)又缺少環(huán)境,所以朗讀是很必要的。朗讀既可以練口語(yǔ),又可以幫助記憶。因此要求學(xué)生能開(kāi)口讀,養(yǎng)成朗讀的習(xí)慣。
4.學(xué)會(huì)做筆記。在做筆記時(shí),要分清課堂內(nèi)容的主次地位,采取“有重點(diǎn)、有選擇”的記錄原則,著重記本節(jié)課的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)內(nèi)容。另外,要注意對(duì)筆記不斷進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)化整理。英語(yǔ)知識(shí)極其豐富,但十分零散瑣碎,這就需要我們借助筆記把有關(guān)知識(shí)歸納綜合,系統(tǒng)起來(lái)。
5.復(fù)習(xí)的習(xí)慣。
(1)每上完一堂課,及早抽出一定時(shí)間整理筆記,把當(dāng)天上課的內(nèi)容在腦子中過(guò)一遍,以加深印象。
(2)上完一篇課文,盡量能背誦全文或能復(fù)述大意。
(3)落實(shí)文中重點(diǎn)詞、詞組、句型和語(yǔ)法的用法,要求能舉一反三,靈活應(yīng)用,多做造句練習(xí)。
(4)學(xué)會(huì)自己分析試卷,找出自己學(xué)習(xí)上的缺陷,制訂彌補(bǔ)學(xué)習(xí)漏洞的措施。
(5)要求備一本“錯(cuò)題集”,每次考試后勤做錯(cuò)題積累工作,對(duì)每次練習(xí)、作業(yè)、考試中出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤都要及時(shí)認(rèn)真地進(jìn)行整理,把錯(cuò)誤原因弄明白,以免下次再出同樣的錯(cuò)誤;同時(shí)提高改錯(cuò)的目的性和自覺(jué)性。這樣,學(xué)習(xí)中的每一個(gè)問(wèn)題就會(huì)及時(shí)得以解決,學(xué)習(xí)就會(huì)步步順利。
一、句子成分
（一）句子成分的定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)；次要成分有表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。
（二）主語(yǔ)：主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在there be結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問(wèn)句（當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不疑問(wèn)詞時(shí)）和倒裝句中，主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語(yǔ)可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語(yǔ)從句等表示。
例：劃出下列句子的主語(yǔ)，并在括號(hào)內(nèi)寫(xiě)出它的詞性或充當(dāng)?shù)氖鞘裁磸木洹?/p>
1. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（ ）
2. We often speak English in class.（ ）
3. One-third of the students in this class are girls.（）
4. To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（ ）
5. Smoking does harm to the health.（ ）
6. The rich should help the poor.（ ）
7. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（ ）
8. It is necessary to master a foreign language.（ ）
（三）謂語(yǔ)：謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ)，一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下：
1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。
如：He practices running every morning.
2、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)： （1）由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。
如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.
（四）表語(yǔ)：表語(yǔ)用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞及表語(yǔ)從句表示。例如：
例：劃出下列句子的表語(yǔ)，并在括號(hào)內(nèi)寫(xiě)出它的詞性或充當(dāng)?shù)氖鞘裁磸木洹?/p>
1. Our teacher of English is an American.（ ）
2. Is it yours?（ ）
3. The weather has turned cold.（ ）
4. The speech is exciting.（ ）
5. Three times seven is twenty one?（）
6. His job is to teach English.（ ）
7. His hobby（愛(ài)好）is playing football.（）
8. The machine must be out of order.（ ）
9. Time is up. The class is over.（）
10. The truth is that he has never been abroad.（）
（五）賓語(yǔ)：賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛(ài)者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。
例：劃出下列句子的賓語(yǔ)，并在括號(hào)內(nèi)寫(xiě)出它的詞性或充當(dāng)?shù)氖鞘裁磸木洹?/p>
1. They went to see an exhibition（展覽）yesterday.（ ）
2. The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（）
3. How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（ ）
4. They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（ ）
5. He pretended not to see me.（ ）
6. I enjoy listening to popular music.（ ）
7. I think（that）he is fit for his office.（）
賓語(yǔ)種類：（1）雙賓語(yǔ)（間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)），
例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.
（2）復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)），例如：They elected him their monitor.
（六）賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：英語(yǔ)中有些及物動(dòng)詞，除有一個(gè)直接賓語(yǔ)以外，還要有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的一般句型為：某些及物動(dòng)詞（如make等+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)）。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)和從句充當(dāng)。
例：劃出下列句子的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，并在括號(hào)內(nèi)寫(xiě)出它的詞性或充當(dāng)?shù)氖鞘裁磸木洹?/p>
1. His father named him Dongming.（）
2. They painted their boat white.（）
3. Let the fresh air in.（ ）
4. You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（ ）
5. We saw her entering the room.（）
6. We found everything in the lab in good order.（ ）
7. We will soon make our city what your city is now.（ ）
（七）定語(yǔ)：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱為定語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)可由以下等成分表示：
例：劃出下列句子的定語(yǔ)，并在括號(hào)內(nèi)寫(xiě)出它的詞性或充當(dāng)?shù)氖鞘裁磸木洹?/p>
1. Guilin is a beautiful city.（ ）
2. China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（ ）
3. There are thirty women teachers is our school.（ ）
4. His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（ ）
5. Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（）
6. The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（）
7. He is reading an article about how to learn English.（）
（八）狀語(yǔ)：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語(yǔ)?？捎梢韵滦问奖硎荆?/p>
Light travels most quickly.（副詞及副詞性詞組）
He has lived in the city for ten years.（介詞短語(yǔ)）
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短語(yǔ)）
He is in the room making a model plane.（分詞短語(yǔ)）
Wait a minute.（名詞）
Once you begin, you must continue.（狀語(yǔ)從句）
在括號(hào)內(nèi)寫(xiě)出下列狀語(yǔ)種類：
How about meeting again at six?（）
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（ ） I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（）
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（ ）
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（ ）
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（ ）
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（） He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（ ）
She works very hard though she is old.（ ）
I am taller than he is.（）
二、簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句
（一）句子種類兩種分類法
1、按句子的用途可分四種：
1）陳述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didn’t hear of you before.
2）疑問(wèn)句（一般、特殊、選擇、反意）：
Do they like skating? How old is he?
Is he six or seven years old?
Mary can swim, can’t she?
3）祈使句：Be careful, boys.
Don’t talk in class.
4）感嘆句：How clever the boy is!
2、按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種：
1）簡(jiǎn)單句：只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（或并列主語(yǔ)）和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)（或并列謂語(yǔ)）。
e.g. He often reads English in the morning.
Tom and Mike are American boys.
She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.
2) 并列句：由并列連詞（and, but, or等）或分號(hào)（；）把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起構(gòu)成。
e.g. You help him and he helps you.
The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。
3）復(fù)合句：含有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上從句的句子。
復(fù)合句包含：名詞性從句（主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句）、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句等。
判斷出下列句子是什么從句
1. ________從句： what he said is right.
2. ________從句: I don’t know when he will leave.
3. ________從句: The question is whether he will come.
4. _______從句： I know the fact that he is married.
5. _______從句：The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.
6. _______從句：I didn’t go to bed until I finished my homework.
7. _______從句：If it is fine tomorrow, we will go swimming.
（二）簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型
1、主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)：e.g. He is a student.
2、主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞：e.g. We work.
3、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)：e.g. Hey bought a dictionary.
4、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+雙賓語(yǔ)（間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)）：e.g. My father bought me a car.
5、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)）：e.g. Tom made the baby laugh.
注：其他各種句子都可由這一種基本句型擴(kuò)展、變化或省略而構(gòu)成。
（三）并列句的分類
1、表示連接兩個(gè)同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等連接。e.g. The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John.
2、表示選擇，常用的連詞有or, either…or…, otherwise等。
e.g. Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train.
3、表示轉(zhuǎn)折，常用的連詞有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。
e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.
4、表示因果關(guān)系，常用的連詞有so, for, therefore等。
e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.
Module five:法場(chǎng)點(diǎn)兵
一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分： 1. The students got on the school bus. 2. He handed me the newspaper. 3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. What a beautiful Chinese painting! 5. They went hunting together early in the morning. 6. His job is to train swimmers. 7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 8. There is going to be an American film tonight. 9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 10. His wish is to become a scientist. 11. He managed to finish the work in time. 12. Tom came to ask me for advice. 13. He found it important to master English. 14. Do you have anything else to say?
