Welcome to Sunshine Town練習(xí)題及答案
Unit 2 Welcome to Sunshine Town
I. 單項(xiàng)選擇
( )1. __________ this book belong to __________?
A. Does; Jim B. Does; Jim’s C. Is; Jim D. Is; Jim’s
( )2. Daniel is very happy because today is __________ Day.
A. Child’s B. Children’s C. Childs’ D. Childrens’
( )3. There __________ bread and apples in the fridge.
A. are much B. are lots of C. is many D. is lots of
( )4. I’ll come back in three __________ time.
A. day B. days C. day’s D. days’
( )5. They are __________.
A. woman teachers B. women teacher
C. women teachers D. womans teachers
II. 根據(jù)要求變換句子。
1. This book is his. (改為同義句)
This book __________ __________ __________ .
2. What other things do you need? (改為同義句)
__________ __________ do you need?
3. Is there a bottle of milk in the fridge? (改為復(fù)數(shù)形式)
________________________________________in the fridge?
4. We need two kilos of ham for the party. (對(duì)畫線部分提問(wèn))
____________________________________________________________
5. They have three kilos of beef for the dinner. (對(duì)畫線部分提問(wèn))
____________________________________________________________
6. There is only one loaf of bread for us. (對(duì)畫線部分提問(wèn))
____________________________________________________________
III. 根據(jù)句意,選用“how much ”或“how many”填空。
1. ____________________ beef do you need, Millie?
2. ____________________ people are there in your family?
3. He has some water. _______________ do you have?
4. Can you tell me _______________ students there are in your class?
5. ______________ is the pork?
6. _____________ meat is there in the fridge?
7. ________________ apples do you have 初中物理?
8. Can you count _________________ eggs there are in the basket?
9. ________________ ham would you like?
10. _______________ tomatoes does she have?
【答案】
一、單項(xiàng)選擇 1. A 2. B 3. D 4. D 5. C
二、根據(jù)要求變換句子
1. belongs to him
2. What else
3. Are there any bottles of milk
4. How much ham do you need for the party?
5. How many kilos of beef do they have for the dinner?
6. How many loaves of bread are there for us?
三、用How much或How many填空
1. How much
2. How many
3. How much
4. how many
5. How much
6. How much
7. How many
8. how many
9. How much
10. How many
十大動(dòng)詞精講:break
break vt., vi. broke, broken, breaking
打破;碰破;折斷;打碎 The stone broke the window.石頭打壞了窗子。
The cup broke on the floor.杯子摔碎在地板上了。
You'll break your neck if you aren't more careful! (喻)你如果不加倍小心,你會(huì)摔死的!
分裂;裂開 The newly-published chronicle breaks down into eight major parts.
這部新出版的編年史分成八大部分。
毀壞;弄壞;損壞 He broke his wristwatch.他把他的手表弄壞了。
(突然用力)變成;成為 The prisoner broke loose.犯人脫逃了。
擦破 to break the skin擦破皮膚
違背;違犯;不遵守 to break the law犯法
He always breaks faith with his clients.他對(duì)顧客總是不守信用。
It took all the members of the section the whole day to break the back of the job.
全組人員干了一整天才把的最主要部分完成了。
If smeone breaks a rule, the problem goes before the whole group.
如果有人違反了制度,就把問(wèn)題提交給全體成員解決。
闖 He broke into the shop他闖入商店。
馴服;制服 to break a horse馴服一匹馬
超過(guò);超越 to break a record in sports打破運(yùn)動(dòng)記錄
泄露;發(fā)布;透露 to break the news 發(fā)布消息
中斷 Let's break for a meal.讓我們休息一下去吃飯吧。
結(jié)束;停止to break the silence打破沉寂
突然發(fā)生,突然出現(xiàn) as day breaks拂曉時(shí)Day breaks.; Day dawns.天亮了。
衰退;減弱His health broke.他的衰退。
突變 His voice broke when he was 15.他15歲時(shí)嗓音突然變了。
破譯(密碼) She broke their code.她破譯了他們的密碼。
【習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)】
break the back of完成主要的或最艱難的部分
It took all the members of the section the whole day to break the back of the job.
全組人員干了一整天才把工作的最主要部分完成了。
break camp拔營(yíng)
break cover跳出躲藏處
break the ice打破冷場(chǎng)
break new ground有新發(fā)現(xiàn)
The scheme says nothing new; it doesn't break new ground.這個(gè)方案沒有新意,它沒有提出新的見解。
break step步伐紊亂
break wind放屁
【詞性變化】break n.破;破裂;破隙 a break in the clouds云朵間的一線青天
暫停;休息 a coffee break飲咖啡的小憩
Let's have a break.讓我們休息一會(huì)兒。
After a short break the play continued.休息片刻后,戲繼續(xù)開演。
We've been doing experiments 24 hours without a break.
我們的實(shí)驗(yàn)已連續(xù)不斷地進(jìn)行了二十四小時(shí)。
突變 a break from the past 一反過(guò)去的做法
A break anywhere in the circuit may cause the lights in the neighbourhood to go out.
電路上任一處斷路,都會(huì)使這一帶的電燈熄滅。
The cold weather broke at the beginning of April. 寒冷的天氣到四月初開始變暖了。
破曉 at day-break破曉時(shí)
〈臺(tái)球〉連續(xù)擊球得分;〈網(wǎng)球〉接發(fā)球得分
機(jī)會(huì);運(yùn)氣 Give him a break. 給他一次機(jī)會(huì)。
【常用詞組】
break away逃走;逃脫
The robbery suspect broke away from the lockup.搶劫嫌疑犯從拘留所逃脫了。
Modern music like jazz has broken away from the old traditional rules. (喻)
現(xiàn)代音樂(lè)如爵士樂(lè)擺脫了舊的傳統(tǒng)規(guī)則。
斷裂;開裂
A large piece of ice broke away from the main block. 一大塊冰從整個(gè)大冰塊上斷裂開來(lái)。
break down 破壞;拆散
The Congressmen of the Republican tried to break down the opposition from their opponents to their proposal. (喻)共和黨的議員們?cè)噲D使他們的反對(duì)派不再反對(duì)他們的提案。
Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances.
人體中的元素把食物分解成有用的物質(zhì)。
break down old conventions打破舊框框
The robbers broke the door down.強(qiáng)盜們把門砸開了。
The peace talks are said to have broken down. (喻)據(jù)說(shuō)和談破裂了。
制服;被制服(機(jī)器)損壞
Our truck broke down outside town.我們的卡車在城外拋錨了。
The car broke down halfway to the destination.汽車在到達(dá)目的地的中途拋錨了。
The car broke down halfway to the camp.車子在去營(yíng)地的半路上拋錨了。
The 8 o'clock train broke down at Ferngreen station and was taken off the line.'
8點(diǎn)鐘的那趟車因在芬格林車站出了故障而被取消了。
失敗;破裂 Their opposition broke down.他們的反對(duì)意見打消了。
精神崩潰;失去控制 He broke down and wept.他不禁失聲痛哭。
起化學(xué)變化Food is broken down by chemicals.化學(xué)物質(zhì)引起食物轉(zhuǎn)化。
細(xì)分;分類
break even不賺不賠;收支平衡
break in 闖入;強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入
The burglar broke in and stole my money.夜竊賊破門而入,偷了我的錢。
打斷;插嘴 It's her usual habit to break in with some ideas of her own.
他常常打斷別人的話來(lái)發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)。
Don't break in when the adventurer is telling his own story.
冒險(xiǎn)家講他自己的經(jīng)歷時(shí),別打斷他。
Children shouldn't break in on adults' conversation.
小孩子不要打斷大人們的談話。
The telephone ring broke in on/upon my thoughts.電話鈴聲打斷了我的思路。
訓(xùn)練;馴養(yǎng);使(某人)熟悉工作
The engineering doctor from abroad only broke in with us last month.
從國(guó)外回來(lái)的工程博士是上個(gè)月才開始和我們一道工作的。
break into 闖入The thieves broke into the office and stole some money.小偷闖入辦公室,偷了一些錢。
The bandits broke into the jewelry and stole near all the valuable necklaces.
土匪們闖進(jìn)了珠寶店盜走了幾乎所有值錢的項(xiàng)鏈。
打斷;插話
突然…起來(lái) to break into song突然唱起歌來(lái)
The crowd broke into cheers and the drunk bowed 初中物理.
觀眾們爆發(fā)出一陣歡呼,醉漢鞠了一躬。
The car windows broke into pieces when the two cars crashed into each other.
兩輛車相撞時(shí)車上的窗玻璃破裂成碎片。
The new waitress dropped the dish on the floor, and it broke into fragments.
新來(lái)的女服務(wù)員把菜盤子掉在地上,摔成了碎片。
勉強(qiáng)動(dòng)用 to break into one's savings勉強(qiáng)動(dòng)用存款
break of 除去(某人的)習(xí)性 They broke him of his addiction.他們除去他吸毒的癮。
Doctors keep trying to break him of smoking the drug.醫(yī)生多次設(shè)法使他戒毒。
break out逃脫;逃出 to break out of prison越獄而逃
突然發(fā)生 Fire broke out in the kitchen.廚房突然發(fā)生了火災(zāi)。
It was almost midnight that a fire broke out in the neighbourhood.
昨天快半夜了這兒附近發(fā)生了火災(zāi)。
World War II broke out in 1939.第二次世界大戰(zhàn)是1939年爆發(fā)的。
His back broke out in spots.他背上出現(xiàn)了許多斑點(diǎn)。
She broke out in curses in her dream.她在夢(mèng)中大聲咒罵起來(lái)。
The fire broke out in the basement.地下室著了火。
Hostilities have broken out between the two countries. 兩國(guó)之間爆發(fā)了戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。
break through突破 After the storm the sun broke through the clouds.風(fēng)暴過(guò)后太陽(yáng)沖破了云層。
At last, those physicians and specialists broke through in their fight against heart disease.
那些內(nèi)科醫(yī)生和專家們終于在同心臟病的斗爭(zhēng)中取得了突破。
The guerrillas soon broke through.游擊隊(duì)很快就突圍了。
break up分裂; 結(jié)束;解散
The crowd started to break up when the night fell.天快黑時(shí)人群開始散開了。
The ice will break up when the warm weather comes.天氣轉(zhuǎn)暖,冰層就會(huì)破裂。
Their marriage broke up.他們的婚姻破裂了。
The police broke up the fighting crowd. 警察驅(qū)散了打架的人群。
He may break up under all this pressure.在這么大的壓力下他可能會(huì)崩潰。
Break it up!別打啦!
The company top meeting didn't break up until midnight.公司高層會(huì)議到半夜才結(jié)束。
The police broke up the fight among the two black gangs. 警察驅(qū)散了兩個(gè)黑幫間的毆斗。
(學(xué)校)開始放假When will you break up this winter?今年冬季你們什么時(shí)候放假?
使發(fā)笑;逗樂(lè);使苦惱 That joke really broke me up. 那個(gè)笑話可把我逗樂(lè)了。
近義詞: burst crack fracture interruption interval letup pause rest rupture violation
反義詞: mend repair
初中英語(yǔ)寫作學(xué)習(xí)的四大誤區(qū)
【寫作學(xué)習(xí)的四大誤區(qū)】,初中的同學(xué)們,很多人對(duì)寫
通過(guò)對(duì)近些年出題的趨勢(shì)來(lái)看,中考對(duì)英語(yǔ)寫作的考察更偏重于交際情景設(shè)置和不同體裁的要求,但是由于客觀和種種主觀原因,很多同學(xué)的作文容易走入種種誤區(qū),這些誤區(qū)主要體現(xiàn)在以下方面:
一、構(gòu)思、準(zhǔn)備不充分,匆忙下筆
任何一篇作文出題都是有它獨(dú)特的道理的,所以提前審題和構(gòu)思就顯得必不可少了。很多孩子目前存在一個(gè)情況,想到哪寫到哪,有記流水帳的習(xí)慣;這也造成了作文雜亂無(wú)章,毫無(wú)條理 初中政治,同時(shí)容易出現(xiàn)寫錯(cuò)單詞和用錯(cuò)句型的情況。針對(duì)這種情況可以從以下幾個(gè)方面予以解決:
1、認(rèn)真審題,審題的重點(diǎn)放在寫作體裁、格式、字?jǐn)?shù)方面,確保第一遍審題就能保證得到基本分。
2、確定文體和時(shí)態(tài),因?yàn)椴煌奈捏w要求的寫作格式也是不同的。
3、列提綱,打草稿,然后修改。這樣可以保證錯(cuò)誤降低至最少或者沒有錯(cuò)誤,同時(shí)也能保持卷面整潔。
二、中心重點(diǎn)不突出,切題不準(zhǔn)確
英語(yǔ)寫作不是
三、忽視文化差異
我們要時(shí)刻牢記一點(diǎn),中英文表達(dá)方式有很大的差異,所以體現(xiàn)在作文表達(dá)上也常常會(huì)出現(xiàn)生硬的中國(guó)式作文表達(dá),降低了我們的作文質(zhì)量。所以注重中英語(yǔ)言差異,并努力找到兩者之間的表達(dá)方式上的共通點(diǎn),并且有意識(shí)的運(yùn)用就能避免類似的問(wèn)題。
四、忽視細(xì)節(jié),無(wú)謂失分
很多孩子在寫作文時(shí)常常感覺"下筆如有神",但最終結(jié)果出來(lái)后大惑不解。這方面的問(wèn)題主要體現(xiàn)在忽視標(biāo)點(diǎn)、書寫、段落安排、大小寫的問(wèn)題,所以只要更加注重細(xì)節(jié),這些無(wú)謂失分就可以解決。
名詞difficulty的三個(gè)重要搭配
一、后接in doing sth
difficulty后接in doing sth時(shí),意思是“做某事有困難”,其中的介詞in含有while的意思,表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”“在……的過(guò)程中”,整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)的意思是“當(dāng)做某事的時(shí)候有困難”“在做某事的過(guò)程中有困難”。如:
We had difficulty in finding a parking place. 我們費(fèi)了很大勁才找到一個(gè)停車位。
They shouldn’t have any difficulty in finding the house. 他們找這房子時(shí)大概不會(huì)有困難。
If you should have any difficulty in getting spare parts ring this number. 萬(wàn)一你買備件時(shí)遇到什么困難,請(qǐng)打這個(gè)電話號(hào)碼。
One way of deciding what to do when you have difficulty in choosing the best course of action is to toss a coin. 當(dāng)人們遇到困難不知選什么行動(dòng)方案最好的時(shí)候,一個(gè)辦法就是扔硬幣來(lái)決定干什么好。
注:該結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞in有時(shí)可以省略。如:
I had difficulty carrying out the plan. 我執(zhí)行這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃有困難。
She was having great difficulty getting her car out, and so I had to move my car to let her out. 當(dāng)時(shí)她正無(wú)法把車子開出來(lái),所以我就移開了我的車子讓她開出來(lái)。
另外,若difficulty后沒有出現(xiàn)動(dòng)名詞,而是接名詞,則要用with sth。如:
Some people had difficulty with the lecture, but most understood. 有些人聽講有困難,但大部分人聽懂了。
If you have the least difficulty with the arrangements for the conference, phone me at once. 如果你安排會(huì)議有什么困難,馬上給我打電話 初三。
二、后接about doing sth
difficulty后接 about doing sth時(shí),表示關(guān)于做某事的困難,其中的介詞about意為“關(guān)于”。如:
There shouldn’t be any difficulty about getting you a visa. 給你弄個(gè)簽證不會(huì)有什么困難吧。
注:about后也可直接跟名詞作賓語(yǔ),此時(shí)的about仍表示“關(guān)于”的意思。如:
There oughtn’t to have been any difficulty about it 此事本不應(yīng)有什么困難。
此時(shí)還可用介詞over表示類似意思。如:
There doesn’t seem to have been any difficulty over the money question. 在錢的問(wèn)題上似乎沒發(fā)生什么困難。
三、后接of doing sth
difficulty后接of doing sth時(shí),表示做某事的困難,其中介詞of表示所屬關(guān)系,相當(dāng)漢語(yǔ)的“的”字。如:
He tried to explain to me the difficulty of learning to cook from books. 他向我解釋照著書本烹飪的困難。
One of the annoyances of working here is the difficulty of parking near the office. 在這里有一件傷腦筋的事,就是在辦公處附近很難停車。
Both “feat” and “achievement” emphasize the difficulty of accomplishing something mental or physical. feat和achievement均著重指在腦力或體力方面完成某事物的艱巨性。
注:of后也可直接跟名詞作賓語(yǔ),此時(shí)的介詞of仍表示所屬關(guān)系,意為“……的困難”。如:
She has no notion of the difficulty of this problem. 她不了解這個(gè)問(wèn)題的難處。
Do you understand the difficulty of my position? 你了解我處境的.困難嗎?
初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全之代詞it用法
【—之代詞it用法】關(guān)于代詞it用法的知識(shí),老師做下面的講解學(xué)習(xí)。
代詞it用法:
it 指上文的某個(gè)事物,和上文是同一個(gè)。
This book is very useful. I will take good care of it.
it也可指上文所說(shuō)的事:
My son has lost himself in the computer games. I’m worried 初中物理 about it.
上面對(duì)代詞it用法的講解,同學(xué)們都能很好的掌握了吧,相信同學(xué)們英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法會(huì)掌握的很好的。
英語(yǔ)中只能用復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞
中只能用復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞
一、一些成雙成對(duì)的名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式
一些成雙成對(duì)的名詞通常只有復(fù)數(shù)形式,常見的有jeans (年仔褲), headphones (耳機(jī)), trousers (褲子), clothes (衣服), pants (短褲), glasses (眼鏡), shoes (鞋子), sunglasses (太陽(yáng)鏡), scissors (剪刀), compasses (圓規(guī))。這些名詞可單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ),動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式 初中學(xué)習(xí)方法,也可用…pair/pairs of修飾,作主語(yǔ)時(shí)動(dòng)詞取決于pair的形式。
二、一些食物名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式
一些食物名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式,常見的有noodles, vegetables, snacks。
We will have noodles for supper this evening. 今天晚上我們吃面條。
She likes to eat snacks very much. 她很喜歡吃零食。
三、一些固定短語(yǔ)中的名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式
一些固定短語(yǔ)中的名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式,常見有的express one’s thanks to sb. (向某人表達(dá)感激之情), a letter of thanks (一封感謝信), in high/low spirits (情緒高漲/低落), have sports (進(jìn)行體育活動(dòng))。
Look, all of them are in high spirits. 瞧,他們的情緒都很高漲。
四、一些不可數(shù)名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式
一些不可數(shù)名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式,但卻表示單數(shù)概念,常見的有news (消息), means (手段)。
As we all know, no news is good news. 眾所周知,沒有消息就是好消息。
五、一些專有名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式
一些專有名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式,但卻表示單數(shù)概念,常見的有:the United States (美國(guó)), the United Nations (聯(lián)合國(guó)), the United Kingdoms (英國(guó)), the Arabian Nights (《一千零一夜》)。
As far as I know, the United Nations was set up in 1925. 就我所知的而言,聯(lián)合國(guó)成立于1925年。
六、一些表示慶祝、祝賀的名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式
一些表示慶祝、祝賀的名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式,常見的有:celebrations (慶祝), congratulations (祝賀)。
Do you go in for the New Year celebrations every year?你們每年都慶祝新年嗎?
beat, hit, strike的區(qū)別
1. beat 指反復(fù)地打,尤指用木棍或其它較硬的東西打。如:
He beat the boy with a stick. 他用棍子打那孩子。
注意以下用法:
(1) beat 還可表示“(心臟)跳動(dòng)”(注意聯(lián)想心臟跳動(dòng)的連續(xù)性與beat 表示“打”的反復(fù)性)。
(2) “打鼓”、“打拍子”等均強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的連續(xù)和反復(fù),因此可分譯為:beat a drum, beat time.
2. hit 指有目標(biāo)地重重一擊,側(cè)重?fù)糁械囊馑?。如?/p>
He hit 初三 me in the face, 他打了我一耳光。
3. strike 指急速地或突然地用力打擊或敲擊。如:
The car ran out of control and struck a tree. 汽車失去控制,撞在樹上。
1. 小明的媽媽有三個(gè)兒子,大獨(dú)生子叫大明,二兒子叫二明,三兒子叫什么?
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:當(dāng)然叫 小明
2. 請(qǐng)問(wèn)木字多一撇是什么字?
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:移
3. 為什么小明4歲就當(dāng)了“爸爸”
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:在做“過(guò)家家游戲”時(shí)
4. 雞和鴨被關(guān)進(jìn)冰箱了,雞死了,鴨為什么沒死?
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:急(雞)死了。
5. 請(qǐng)問(wèn)什么東西比細(xì)菌還小?
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:細(xì)菌的兒子
6. 老王每天都要刮40——50次胡子,可他臉上還有胡子。為什么?
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:理發(fā)師,幫別人刮呢
7. 請(qǐng)問(wèn)狐貍為什么容易摔跤呢?
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:因?yàn)楹偨?腳)猾。
8. 有一次,老李買了一只狗,買了一籃子骨頭,他休息時(shí),用一根5米的繩子將狗拴在路邊樹上,將骨頭放在離狗8米的地方,但過(guò)了一會(huì)兒,他發(fā)現(xiàn)骨頭被狗叼走了,你知道為什么嗎?
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:骨頭離樹3米,離狗8米,狗從另一邊轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)來(lái)就可以叼走了。
9. 王老太太整天喋喋不休,可他有一個(gè)月說(shuō)話最少,是哪一個(gè)月?
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:2月
10. 什么水不能喝?
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:薪水
11. 為什么飛機(jī)飛再高都不會(huì)撞到星星呢?
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:星星會(huì)閃
12. 為什么說(shuō)蠶寶寶很有錢?
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:因?yàn)樾Q會(huì)結(jié)繭(節(jié)儉)
13. 一只體長(zhǎng)20CM的灰螃蟹和一只體長(zhǎng)30CM的紅螃蟹賽跑,哪只螃蟹會(huì)贏?
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:灰的,紅的已經(jīng)熟了
14. 請(qǐng)問(wèn)白雞和黑雞哪只雞厲害?
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:黑雞(因?yàn)楹陔u能生白蛋,白雞不能生黑蛋)
15. 你的爸爸的爺爺?shù)陌职值膬鹤拥呐畠旱膬鹤拥木司耸钦l(shuí)?
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:爸爸或者叔叔
16. 大雁為什么要飛到南方過(guò)冬?
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:大雁走不到南方,所以用飛的。
17. 請(qǐng)問(wèn)世界上什么樣的老鼠用兩只腳走路嗎?
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:米老鼠。
18. 請(qǐng)問(wèn)有一農(nóng)夫養(yǎng)了10頭牛,為什么只有19只角
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:有一頭犀牛
19. 小李一邊刷牙,一邊嘴里還悠閑的吹著口哨,為什么?
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:小李刷的是假牙,他把假牙拿下來(lái)刷,所以能吹口哨。
20. 同一頭豬的舌頭和尾巴在什么情況下可能碰到一起?
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:飯桌上
21. 有一個(gè)斷了左手的球員,為什么還能玩球?
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:玩足球唄
22. 請(qǐng)問(wèn)世界上什么東西最大?
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:眼皮。眼睛看世界,眼皮包眼睛。
23. 袋鼠和猴子參加跳高比賽,為什么猴子一開始就贏了?
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:袋鼠雙腳起跳,犯規(guī)。
24. 小明晚上看文藝表演,為啥有一個(gè)演員總是背對(duì)觀眾?
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:是樂(lè)隊(duì)指揮
25. 老師叫小朋友畫一只小鳥,大勇什么都沒畫,交給老師一張白紙,老師很氣憤。大勇說(shuō)了一句話,卻使老師轉(zhuǎn)怒為笑?
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:大勇畫的是獵人打鳥。
26. 請(qǐng)問(wèn)什么門是永遠(yuǎn)都關(guān)不上的?
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:球門。
27. 人身上長(zhǎng)了烏龜殼會(huì)怎么樣
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:變成忍者神龜或龜仙人
28. 小剛問(wèn)小強(qiáng):"我用口紅砸你的頭,你用眉筆戳我的頭,弟弟用粉盒拍妹妹的頭,妹妹用護(hù)膚霜打弟弟的頭。請(qǐng)問(wèn),是誰(shuí)的頭最疼?
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:媽媽的頭最疼
29. 為什么青蛙可以跳得比樹高?
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:因?yàn)闃洳粫?huì)跳
30. 魚為什么生活在水里?
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:因?yàn)榘渡嫌胸?/p>
31. 有一個(gè)人,他是你父母生的,但他卻不是你的兄弟姐妹,他是誰(shuí)?
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:你自己
32. 有一只狗狗總不洗洗澡,為什么不生虱子?
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:狗只能生狗崽.不能生虱子
33. 外國(guó)人問(wèn)路,小明拼命用英語(yǔ)對(duì)他說(shuō),他卻一點(diǎn)也聽不懂,這是為什么?
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:因?yàn)樗皇怯?guó)人
34. 在一次
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:都交的是白卷
35. 小麗和媽媽買了8個(gè)蘋果,媽媽讓小麗把這些蘋果裝進(jìn)5個(gè)口袋中,每個(gè)口袋里都是雙數(shù),你能做到嗎?
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:每個(gè)袋子放兩個(gè),最后將四個(gè)袋子都放進(jìn)第5個(gè)袋子。
36. 小雞,小狗,小貓一起背書,老師會(huì)叫他們其中誰(shuí)先來(lái)背呢?
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:小狗(旺旺鮮貝)
37. 爸爸問(wèn)小明,什么東西渾身都是漂亮的羽毛,每天早晨叫你起床?小明猜對(duì)了,但卻不是雞,那是什么?
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:雞毛撣子
38. pol.ice小王有個(gè)弟弟,但他弟弟卻否認(rèn)有個(gè)哥哥,為什么?
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:小王是女的(姐姐)
39. 時(shí)鐘什么時(shí)候不會(huì)走?
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:本來(lái)就不會(huì)走,又沒“腳”
40. 小明測(cè)驗(yàn)時(shí)所有的題目都答對(duì),但他還是沒有得到滿分,為什么?
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:答的是判斷題
41. 假設(shè)1=4 2=8 3=16 那么4=?
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:等于1
42. 熊貓一輩子最遺憾的一件事是什么事?
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:照張彩色的照片
43. 什么情況下先穿鞋再穿襪子?
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:踩到大釘子時(shí)(釘子先穿破鞋后穿破襪子)
44. 右手永遠(yuǎn)抓不到的是什么?
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:自己的的右手
45. 地上有九只鳥,小明開槍打死一只,剩下的八只都沒飛走,為什么?
補(bǔ)充,不是聾子也不是被嚇?biāo)赖?/p>
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:那是一群鴕鳥
46. 什么情況下5大于0,0 大于2,2大于5?
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:玩石頭,剪子,布的時(shí)候
47. 有一個(gè)人一年才上一天班又不怕被解雇他是誰(shuí)?
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:圣誕老人
48. 9個(gè)橙分給13個(gè)小朋友,怎么分才公平
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:榨成汁
49. 拿著雞蛋扔石頭,為什么雞蛋沒有破?
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:拿著的是雞蛋 而扔出去的是石頭
50. 森林里有一條眼鏡蛇,可是它從來(lái)不咬人,這是為什么呢?
腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎答案:森林里沒人
代詞及練習(xí)(含答案)
第11章 代詞
一.概念:
代詞是代替名詞的詞, 按其意義、特征及其在句中的作用分為:人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、不定代詞和關(guān)系代詞等。
二.相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講
1.人稱代詞
1)人稱代詞的人稱、數(shù)和格,如下表所示。
2)人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分。通常主格作主語(yǔ),賓格作賓語(yǔ)。如:
I like table tennis. (作主語(yǔ))
Do you knowhim?(作賓語(yǔ))
3)人稱代詞還可作表語(yǔ)。作表語(yǔ)時(shí)用賓格。如:
---Whos is knocking at the door?
---It’s me.
4)人稱代詞在than之后與其他人或事物進(jìn)行比較時(shí),用主格和賓格都可以。如:
He is older than me.
He is older thanI am.
2. 物主代詞
1)表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性
物主代詞,如下表所示。
2)形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞,可在句中作定語(yǔ)。例如:
Our teacher is coming to see us.
This is her pencil-box.
3)名詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于名詞,在句中可用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。
Our school is here, and theirs is there.(作主語(yǔ))
--- Is this English-book yours? (作表語(yǔ))
--- No. Mine is in my bag.
I've already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? (作賓語(yǔ))
3. 指示代詞
指示代詞包括:this,that,these,those。
1) this和these一般用來(lái)指在時(shí)間或空間上較近的事物或人,that和those
則指時(shí)間和空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物或人,例如:
This is a pen andthat is a pencil.
We are busy these days.
Inthose days the workers had a hard time.
2)有時(shí)that和those指前面講到過(guò)的事物,this 和these則是指下面將要講
到的事物,例如:
I had a cold. That's why I didn't come.
What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning English.
3)有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)提到的名詞,常可用that或those代替,例如:
Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai.
4)this 在電話用語(yǔ)中代表自己,that 則代表對(duì)方。例如:
Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?
4. 反身代詞
英語(yǔ)中用來(lái)表示"我自己","你自己","他自己","我們自己","你們自己"
等意義的代詞稱為反身代詞,也有人稱之為自身代名詞,其形式如表所示。
反身代詞可以在句中作賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),同位語(yǔ)。
1)作賓語(yǔ),表示動(dòng)作的承受者就是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者,主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)指同一個(gè)人
或一些人。
He called himself a writer.
Would you please express yourself in English?
2)作表語(yǔ)。
It doesn't matter.I'll be myself soon.
The girl in the news is myself.
3)作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ),表示親自或本人。
I myself washed the clothes.(=I washed the clothes myself.)(作主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ))
You should ask the teacher himself.(作賓語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ))
三.鞏固練習(xí)
1. Tom, Please pass ________ the glasses. I want to read the newspapers.
A. you B. me C. him D. her
2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are ______ new words in it.
A. a little B. little C. a few D. few
3. ---You want ________ sandwich?
---Yes, I usually eat a lot when I’m hungry.
A. other B. another C. others D. the other
4. The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS. They think more of others than _______.
A. they B. them C. themselves D. theirs
5. ---Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk?
---______________, thanks. I’d like a cup of tea.
A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None
6. ---Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food.
---Never mind. You can have ________.
A. us B. ours C. you D. yours
7. ---Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning?
---_______ is OK. I’m free today and tomorrow.
A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None
8. ---How are you going to improve _______ this term?
---Work harder than last term.
A. ourselves B. myself C. himself D. yourself
9. ---Could you tell me _______ she is looking for?
---Her cousin, Susan.
A. that B. whose C. who D. which
10. ---Is _______ here?
---No. Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave.
A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody
11. Paul has _______ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely.
A. many B. some C. few D. more
12. If you want to book a round-trip ticket, you’ll have to pay ______ $ 30.
A. more B. other C. the other D. another
13. ---Do you live by yourself, Mr Wang?
---Yes. I have two sons. But ______ of them lives with me. They are now studying in America?
A. neither B. both C. none D. either
14. ---Have you sent your parents an E-mail telling them you arrived safe?
---No. _______ of them can use a computer.
A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All
15. Who taught _______ English last term? Was _____ Mr. Smith?
A. you; it B. you; he C. your; it D. your; that
16. ---That woman has a bag in her right hand. What’s in her _____ hand?
A. another B. other C. one D. the other
17. We decided to go for a field trip with some friends of _______.
A. us B. our C. ours D. ourselves
18. ---Is there a bus to the zoo?
---I’m afraid there’s _______ bus to the zoo.
A. no B. any C. some D. none
19. You forgot your dictionary? You may have _______.
A. me B. my C. mine D. myself
20. This is ______ classroom. Where is _______?
高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全 第十一章 代詞 (2)
2007-01-12 點(diǎn)擊數(shù):2292
5. 不定代詞
不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞,在句中可作主語(yǔ)、表
語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。現(xiàn)將幾個(gè)常用的不定代詞舉例說(shuō)明如下:
1)some與any的區(qū)別
①some多用于肯定句,表示“一些,幾個(gè)”作形容詞時(shí),后面可以接①不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞;②可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。
Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library.
. Some rice in the bag has been sold out.
②any多用于疑問(wèn)句、條件句和否定句中,表示“一些,任何”用作形容詞時(shí),后面可以接①不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞;②可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。
If you have any questions, please ask me.
There isn't any orange in the bottle.
Have you got any tea?
③any和some也可以作代詞用,表示“一些”。any多用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句中,some多用于肯定句中。
How many people can you see in the picture?
I can't see any.
If you have no money, I'll lend you some.
注意:與some, any結(jié)合的詞如something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑問(wèn)句、條件句中的用法,大致和some, any的用法相同。
2) few, a few, little, a little在用法上的區(qū)別
①用作形容詞:
表示肯定
表示否定
用于可數(shù)名詞
a few雖少,但有幾個(gè)
few不多,幾乎沒有
用于不可數(shù)名詞
a little,雖少,但有一點(diǎn)
little不多,沒有什么
I'm going to buy a few apples.
He can speak only a little Chinese.
There is only a little milk in the glass.
He has few friends.
They had little money with them.
②a little和little也可以用作副詞,a little表示“有點(diǎn),稍微”,little表示“很少”。
I'm a little hungry. (修飾形容詞hungry)
Let him sleep a little. (修飾動(dòng)詞sleep)
Mary, go a little faster, please. (修飾副詞比較級(jí))
She slept very little last night.
3)other, the other, another, others, the others的區(qū)別。
用 法
代名詞
形容詞
另一個(gè)
別人,其他人
another (boy)
另一個(gè)(男孩)
other (boys)
其他男孩
the other
另一個(gè)
the others
其余那些人、物
the other (boy)
另一個(gè)男孩
the other (boys)
其余那些男孩
①other可以作形容詞用,后面可以跟單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞,意思是“其他的、別
的”。
Where are his other books?
I haven't any other books except this one.
②other也可以用作代詞,與冠詞the連用構(gòu)成“the other”,表示兩個(gè)人或物中的“另一個(gè)”。常與one搭配構(gòu)成“one ..., the other ...”句型。
He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old.
She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other.
③other作代詞用時(shí),可以有復(fù)數(shù)“others”,泛指“另外的人或物”。常與some搭配構(gòu)成“some ...., others ...”句型。
Some went to the cinema, others went swimming.
This coat is too large. Show me some others, please.
④“the others”表示特指某范圍內(nèi)的“其他的人或物”。
We got home by 4 o'clock, but the others didn't get back until 8 o'clock.
In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese.
⑤another可以作形容詞用,修飾后面的名詞,意為“另一個(gè)”,還可以跟代詞one.
You can see another ship in the sea, can't you?
Mary doesn't want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her another one?
⑥another也可以作代詞用,表示“另一個(gè)”。
I'm still hungry after I've had this cake. Please give me another.
4)every與each的區(qū)別。
1)可單獨(dú)使用
1)不可單獨(dú)使用
2)可做代名詞、形容詞
2)僅作形容詞
3)著重“個(gè)別”
3)著重“全體”,毫無(wú)例外
4)用于兩者或兩者以上中的每一個(gè)人或物
4)用于三者或三者以上每一個(gè)人或物
The teacher gave a toy to each child.
Each ball has a different colour.
當(dāng)我們說(shuō)each child, each student或each teacher時(shí),我們想到的是一個(gè)人的情況。而當(dāng)我們說(shuō)every child和every student時(shí),我們想到的是全體的情況,every的意思與all接近,表示他們都如此。
Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher.
Every child likes playing. = All children like playing.
5)all和both的用法。
①all指三者以上,或不可數(shù)的東西。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可以用單數(shù),也可以用作復(fù)數(shù)。在句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。
All of us like Mr Pope. 我們都喜歡Pope先生。(作主語(yǔ))
= We all like Mr Pope. (作同位語(yǔ))
All the water has been used up. (作主語(yǔ))
That's all for today. (作表語(yǔ))
Why not eat all (of) the fish? (作賓語(yǔ))
All the leaders are here. (作定語(yǔ))
②both作代詞。
a.與其他名詞或代詞并列出現(xiàn),表示“兩個(gè)都”。
Lucy and Lily both agree with us.
They both passed on their sticks at the same time.
How are your parents? They're both fine.
b.與“of +代詞(或名詞)”連用,表示“兩者都”。
Both of them came to see Mary.
Both of the books are very interesting.
c.單獨(dú)使用,表示“兩者(都)”。
Michael has two sons. Both are clever.
I don't know which book is the better, I shall read both.
③both用作形容詞,放在名詞之前,修飾該名詞,表示“兩者都”。
Both his younger sisters are our classmates.
. There are tall trees on both sides of the street.
6. 相互代詞
表示相互關(guān)系的代詞叫做相互代詞。相互代詞有each other 和one another兩種形 式。在當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)中,each other和one another沒有什么區(qū)別。相互代詞可在句中作賓語(yǔ),定語(yǔ)。作定語(yǔ)用時(shí),相互代詞用所有格形式。
We should learn from each other / one another. (作賓語(yǔ))
Do you often write to each other / one another? (作賓語(yǔ))
We often borrow each other's / one another's books. (作定語(yǔ))
The students corrected each other's / one another's mistakes in their homework.
(作定語(yǔ))
7. 疑問(wèn)代詞
疑問(wèn)代詞有who,whom,whose,what和which等。疑問(wèn)代詞用于特殊疑
問(wèn)句中,一般都放在句首,并在句子中作為某一句子成分。例如:
Who is going to come here tomorrow? (作主語(yǔ))
What is that? (作表語(yǔ))
Whose umbrella is this? (作定語(yǔ))
Whom are you waiting for? (作賓語(yǔ))
8.關(guān)系代詞
關(guān)系代詞是一種引導(dǎo)從句并起連接主句和從句作用的代詞。關(guān)系代詞有 who, whose, whom, that, which. 它們?cè)诰渲锌捎米髦髡Z(yǔ),表語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),定語(yǔ). 在主句中,它們還代表著從句所修飾的那個(gè)名詞或代詞。例如:
I hate people who talk much but do little.
I’m looking at the photograph which you sent me with your letter.
With the moneythat he had saved, he went on with his studies.
Do you know the lady who is interviewing our headmaster?
三.鞏固練習(xí)
1. Tom, Please pass ________ the glasses. I want to read the newspapers.
A. you B. me C. him D. her
2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are ______ new words in it.
A. a little B. little C. a few D. few
3. ---You want ________ sandwich?
---Yes, I usually eat a lot when I’m hungry.
A. other B. another C. others D. the other
4. The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS. They think more of others than _______.
A. they B. them C. themselves D. theirs
5. ---Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk?
---______________, thanks. I’d like a cup of tea.
A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None
6. ---Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food.
---Never mind. You can have ________.
A. us B. ours C. you D. yours
7. ---Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning?
---_______ is OK. I’m free today and tomorrow.
A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None
8. ---How are you going to improve _______ this term?
---Work harder than last term.
A. ourselves B. myself C. himself D. yourself
9. ---Could you tell me _______ she is looking for?
---Her cousin, Susan.
A. that B. whose C. who D. which
10. ---Is _______ here?
---No. Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave.
A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody
11. Paul has _______ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely.
A. many B. some C. few D. more
12. If you want to book a round-trip ticket, you’ll have to pay ______ $ 30.
A. more B. other C. the other D. another
13. ---Do you live by yourself, Mr Wang?
---Yes. I have two sons. But ______ of them lives with me. They are now studying in America?
A. neither B. both C. none D. either
14. ---Have you sent your parents an E-mail telling them you arrived safe?
---No. _______ of them can use a computer.
A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All
15. Who taught _______ English last term? Was _____ Mr. Smith?
A. you; it B. you; he C. your; it D. your; that
16. ---That woman has a bag in her right hand. What’s in her _____ hand?
A. another B. other C. one D. the other
17. We decided to go for a field trip with some friends of _______.
A. us B. our C. ours D. ourselves
18. ---Is there a bus to the zoo?
---I’m afraid there’s _______ bus to the zoo.
A. no B. any C. some D. none
19. You forgot your dictionary? You may have _______.
A. me B. my C. mine D. myself
20. This is ______ classroom. Where is _______?
A. our; them B. us; they C. our; theirs D. ours; theirs
四.答案
1.B 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.A 11.C 12.D 13.A 14.C 15.A 16.B 17.C 18.A 19.C 20.C
三十五個(gè)經(jīng)典句型 幫你過(guò)寫作關(guān)(英語(yǔ)四級(jí))
一、~~~ the + ~ est + 名詞 + (that) + 主詞 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)
~~~ the most + 形容詞 + 名詞 + (that) + 主詞 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)
例句:Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.
海倫是我所看過(guò)最美麗的女孩。
Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.
張老師是我曾經(jīng)遇到最仁慈的教師。
二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V
Nothing is + more + 形容詞 + than to + V
例句:Nothing is more important than to receive education.
沒有比接受教育更重要的事。
三、~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much.
(再怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)...的重要性也不為過(guò)。)
例句:We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
我們?cè)僭趺磸?qiáng)調(diào)保護(hù)眼睛的重要性也不為過(guò)。
四、There is no denying that + S + V ...(不可否認(rèn)的...)
例句:There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.
不可否認(rèn)的,我們的生活品質(zhì)已經(jīng)每況愈下。
五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子~~ (全世界都知道...)
例句:It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.
全世界都知道樹木對(duì)我們是不可或缺的。
六、There is no doubt that + 句子~~ (毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的...)
例句:There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.
毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的我們的教育制度令人不滿意。
七、An advantage of ~~~ is that + 句子 (...的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是...)
例句:An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won‘t create (produce) any pollution.
使用太陽(yáng)能的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是它不會(huì)制造任何污染。
八、The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子 (...的原因是...)
例句:The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.
The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.
我們必須種樹的原因是它們能供應(yīng)我們新鮮的空氣。
九、So + 形容詞 + be + 主詞 + that + 句子 (如此...以致于...)
例句:So precious is time that we can‘t afford to waste it.
時(shí)間是如此珍貴,我們經(jīng)不起浪費(fèi)它。
十、Adj + as + Subject(主詞)+ be, S + V~~~ (雖然...)
例句:Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.
{by no means = in no way = on no account 一點(diǎn)也不}
雖然我們的國(guó)家富有,我們的生活品質(zhì)絕對(duì)令人不滿意。
十一、The + ~er + S + V, ~~~ the + ~er + S + V ~~~
The + more + Adj + S + V, ~~~ the + more + Adj + S + V ~~~(愈...愈...)
例句:The harder you work, the more progress you make.
你愈努力,你愈進(jìn)步。
The more books we read, the more learned we become.
我們書讀愈多,我們愈有學(xué)問(wèn)。
十二、By +Ving, ~~ can ~~ (借著...,..能夠..)
例句:By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.
借著做運(yùn)動(dòng),我們能夠始終保持健康。
十三、~~~ enable + Object(受詞)+ to + V (..使..能夠..)
例句:Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed.
聽音樂(lè)使我們能夠感覺輕松。
十四、On no account can we + V ~~~ (我們絕對(duì)不能...)
例句:On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.
我們絕對(duì)不能忽略知識(shí)的價(jià)值。
十五、It is time + S + 過(guò)去式 (該是...的時(shí)候了)
例句:It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.
該是有關(guān)當(dāng)局采取適當(dāng)?shù)拇胧﹣?lái)解決交通問(wèn)題的時(shí)候了。
十六、Those who ~~~ (...的人...)
例句:Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.
違反交通規(guī)定的人應(yīng)該受處罰。
十七、There is no one but ~~~ (沒有人不...)
例句:There is no one but longs to go to college.
沒有人不渴望上大學(xué)。
十八、be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V (不得不...)
例句:Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports.
既然考試迫在眉睫,我不得不放棄做運(yùn)動(dòng)。
十九、It is conceivable that + 句子 (可想而知的)
It is obvious that + 句子 (明顯的)
It is apparent that + 句子 (顯然的)
例句:It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.
可想而知,知識(shí)在我們的一生中扮演一個(gè)重要的角色。
二十、That is the reason why ~~~ (那就是...的原因)
例句:Summer is sultry. That is the reason why I don‘t like it.
夏天很燠熱。那就是我不喜歡它的原因。
二十一、For the past + 時(shí)間,S + 現(xiàn)在完成式...(過(guò)去...年來(lái),...一直...)
例句:For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination.
過(guò)去兩年來(lái),我一直忙著準(zhǔn)備考試。
二十二、Since + S + 過(guò)去式,S + 現(xiàn)在完成式。
例句:Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.
自從他上高中,他一直很用功。
二十三、It pays to + V ~~~ (...是值得的。)
例句:It pays to help others.
幫助別人是值得的。
二十四、be based on (以...為基礎(chǔ))
例句:The progress of thee society is based on harmony.
社會(huì)的進(jìn)步是以和諧為基礎(chǔ)的。
二十五、Spare no effort to + V (不遺余力的)
We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.
我們應(yīng)該不遺余力的美化我們的環(huán)境。
二十六、bring home to + 人 + 事 (讓...明白...事)
例句:We should bring home to people the value of working hard.
我們應(yīng)該讓人們明白努力的價(jià)值。
二十七、be closely related to ~~ (與...息息相關(guān))
例句:Taking exercise is closely related to health.
做運(yùn)動(dòng)與健康息息相關(guān)。
二十八、Get into the habit of + Ving
= make it a rule to + V (養(yǎng)成...的習(xí)慣)
We should get into the habit of keeping good hours.
我們應(yīng)該養(yǎng)成早睡早起的習(xí)慣。
二十九、Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + N/Ving, ~~~ (因?yàn)?..)
例句:Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream.
因?yàn)樗墓膭?lì),我終于實(shí)現(xiàn)我的'夢(mèng)想。
三十、What a + Adj + N + S + V!= How + Adj + a + N + V!(多么...?。?/p>
例句:What an important thing it is to keep our promise!
How important a thing it is to keep our promise!
遵守諾言是多么重要的事!
三十一、Leave much to be desired (令人不滿意)
例句:The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired.
我們的交通狀況令人不滿意。
三十二、Have a great influence on ~~~ (對(duì)...有很大的影響)
例句:Smoking has a great influence on our health.
抽煙對(duì)我們的健康有很大的影響。
三十三、do good to (對(duì)...有益),do harm to (對(duì)...有害)
例句:Reading does good to our mind.讀書對(duì)心靈有益。
Overwork does harm to health.工作過(guò)度對(duì)健康有害。
三十四、Pose a great threat to ~~ (對(duì)...造成一大威脅)
例句:Pollution poses a great threat to our existence.
污染對(duì)我們的生存造成一大威脅。
三十五、do one‘s utmost to + V = do one‘s best (盡全力去...)
例句:We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life.
我們應(yīng)盡全力去達(dá)成我們的人生目標(biāo)。
常見標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的用法
句號(hào) Period [.]
用以表示一個(gè)句子的結(jié)束
Hockey is a popular sport in Canada.
The federal government is based in Ottawa.
用在縮寫中
B.C. is the province located on the West Coast.
Dr. Bethune was a Canadian who worked in China.
The company is located at 888 Bay St. in Toronto.
It is 4:00 p.m. in Halifax right now.
問(wèn)號(hào) Question Mark [?]
在句子的結(jié)尾使用問(wèn)號(hào)表示是直接疑問(wèn)句:
How many provinces are there in Canada?
注意:在間接疑問(wèn)句結(jié)尾不要加問(wèn)號(hào):
The teacher asked the class a question.
Do not ask me why.
嘆號(hào) Exclamation Mark [!]
在句子的結(jié)尾使用嘆號(hào)表示驚訝、興奮等情緒:
We won the Stanley Cup!
The forest is on fire!
逗號(hào) Comma [,]
句子中的停頓
Therefore, we should write a letter to the prime minister.
在疑問(wèn)句中引出說(shuō)話人:
"I can come today," she said, "but not tomorrow."
排列三個(gè)或以上的名詞:
Ontario, Quebec, and B.C. are the three biggest provinces.
引出定語(yǔ)從句
Emily Carr, who was born in 1871, was a great painter.
單引號(hào) Apostrophe [']
表示所有
This is David's computer.
These are the player's things. (things that belong to the player)
Note: 對(duì)于復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞,只加'
These are the players' things. (things that belong to the players)
縮寫I don't know how to fix it.
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引號(hào)Quotation Marks ["]
直接引出某人說(shuō)的話:
The prime minister said, "We will win the election."
"I can come today," she said, "but not tomorrow."
冒號(hào)Colon [:]
引出一系列名詞
There are three positions in hockey: goalie, defence, and forward.
引出一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的引語(yǔ)
The prime minister said: "We will fight. We will not give up. We will win the next election."
分號(hào)Semicolon [;]
將兩個(gè)相關(guān)的句子連接起來(lái)
The festival is very popular; people from all over the world visit each year.
和逗號(hào)一同使用引出一系列名詞
The three biggest cities in Canada are Toronto, Ontario; Montreal, Quebec; and Vancouver, B.C.
破折號(hào)Dash [-]
在一個(gè)句子前作總結(jié)
Mild, wet, and cloudy - these are the characteristics of weather in Vancouver.
在一個(gè)句子的前面或后面加入額外的注釋
The children - Pierre, Laura, and Ashley - went to the store. Most Canadians - but not all - voted in the last election.
表示某人在說(shuō)話過(guò)程中被打斷
The woman said, "I want to ask - " when the earthquake began to shake the room.
連字符Hyphen [-]
連接兩個(gè)單詞
sweet-smelling
fire-resistant
將前綴
anti-Canadian
non-contact
在數(shù)字中使用
one-quarter
twenty-three
英語(yǔ)六級(jí)詞匯與語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)命題趨勢(shì)
詞匯命題趨勢(shì)
《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱修訂稿》對(duì)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)階段詞匯教學(xué)的較高要求(六級(jí))規(guī)定如下:
領(lǐng)會(huì)式掌握的單詞為5,500個(gè),其中復(fù)合式掌握的單詞為3,000個(gè),以及由這些詞構(gòu)成的常用詞組2000條(中學(xué)所掌握的單詞和詞組包括在內(nèi)),并具有按照構(gòu)詞法識(shí)別生詞的能力,領(lǐng)會(huì)式掌握是指看到英語(yǔ)單詞能理解其詞義,復(fù)合式掌握是指能正確拼寫單詞并掌握其基本詞義和用法。大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)測(cè)試就是檢驗(yàn)學(xué)生是否達(dá)到了較高要求。
在大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試中,詞匯和語(yǔ)法同屬一個(gè)考試項(xiàng)目,考試時(shí)間為20分鐘,考試題數(shù)為30個(gè),計(jì)分為每小題0.5分,其計(jì)15分。題目分配:30道題中,約60%(18道題)為詞和短語(yǔ)的用法,約40%(12道題)為語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。可見,與四級(jí)測(cè)試相比而言,六級(jí)更重視詞匯的測(cè)試。考試范圍為教學(xué)大綱詞匯表一至六級(jí)全部?jī)?nèi)容。測(cè)試詞匯量大約5000~5300個(gè)單詞及一定量的習(xí)語(yǔ),涉及動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)、名詞、形容詞和副詞等,目的是為了測(cè)試學(xué)生運(yùn)用詞、短語(yǔ)的能力。
從歷年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試的試卷分析可以看出:詞匯測(cè)試主要集中在詞義的記憶與辨析、詞匯的搭配與用法等項(xiàng)目上,歸納起來(lái),可大致分為下列幾種:?
1.同義、近義辨析題 詞匯區(qū)別是詞匯測(cè)試的一個(gè)重要方面,它主要是對(duì)同義詞或近義詞在含義與用法上進(jìn)行區(qū)別。這類試題的選項(xiàng)是四個(gè)詞性相同、詞義相同或相近的詞。測(cè)試的目的在于檢測(cè)考生辨別詞義和運(yùn)用詞匯的能力。詞匯區(qū)別一直是學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)過(guò)程中遇到的一大難題。這主要是由于他們沒有掌握漢英兩種語(yǔ)言在詞匯方面的差異,往往只注意英語(yǔ)的漢語(yǔ)釋義,而忽略了其本身的內(nèi)在涵義和用法。 eg. The driver of the lorry sustained only minor to legs and arms. A. hurt B. wound C. harm D. injury 答案 D。餐車司機(jī)的腿和胳膊只受了一些輕傷。這道題測(cè)試考生對(duì)同義詞細(xì)微差別的辨別能力。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中的名詞都含有“傷害”之意,但它們之間還有語(yǔ)義使用范圍上的細(xì)微差別。hurt多指“感情、精神”上的傷害。wound多指由槍炮等武器所造成的傷害。harm指危害、害傷。injury指在事故、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中所受的傷害。根據(jù)題意,答案應(yīng)選D。
2.近形詞匯題 英語(yǔ)詞匯中,有一些拼寫很相似,但它們的詞義或詞性卻不同。英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試的一條重要命題規(guī)律就是用形近詞來(lái)干擾考生作出正確選擇。其目的是要檢測(cè)考生辨別詞形和運(yùn)用詞匯的能力。如果考生平時(shí)不善于對(duì)形近詞進(jìn)行自覺的對(duì)比,對(duì)它們的差異不甚了解,那就會(huì)在答題時(shí)緋徊不定,難以作出正確的選擇,甚至張冠李戴。? eg.Though the long term cannot be predicted, the project has been approved by the committee. A.affect B.effect C.effort D.afford 答案 B。盡管工程的遠(yuǎn)期效果還無(wú)法預(yù)測(cè),委員會(huì)還是批準(zhǔn)了這項(xiàng)工程。這四個(gè)詞拼寫相似,但它們的詞義或詞性卻不同。affect動(dòng)詞,意為“影響”;effect為名詞,意為“效果”;effort名詞,意為“努力”;afford動(dòng)詞,意為“負(fù)擔(dān)得起;提供”。掌握了它們之間的這些差異,你會(huì)毫不猶豫地選擇B。
3.詞組與習(xí)慣用法辨析題 1)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)搭配 英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)是英語(yǔ)的難點(diǎn)之一,它是由動(dòng)詞+副詞、動(dòng)詞+介詞、動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞幾種方式構(gòu)成的慣用組合,具有自己獨(dú)特的意義。其意義、語(yǔ)法、用法等常使考生感到困難。首先,動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的詞義不是動(dòng)詞和副詞、介詞等小品詞的簡(jiǎn)單組合,往往難以從字面上理解。其次,動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的使用場(chǎng)合及范圍不易弄清楚。第三,同義、近義和反義的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)容易混淆。要學(xué)好英語(yǔ),必須學(xué)會(huì)使用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。測(cè)試動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的題目在詞匯題中占有很大的比例,其目的是測(cè)試考生辨別和運(yùn)用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),尤其是同一動(dòng)詞所構(gòu)成的不同動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的能力。? eg.The car won't start because the battery was ._______ A.run up B.run down C.run off D.run over 答案 B。蓄電池電力減弱了,因此汽車無(wú)法發(fā)動(dòng)起來(lái)。這是一個(gè)因果關(guān)系的句子。“汽車為什么發(fā)動(dòng)不起來(lái)?”原因是“電池電力減弱”。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,只有run down有“減弱”之意,其它三個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)與本句意思不合。run up表示“增長(zhǎng)”,run off“逃離”;run over“溢出”。如果考生掌握了這四個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的含義,就會(huì)作出正確的選擇了。?
2)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)題 英語(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ)(English idiom)具有特有的、約定俗成的結(jié)構(gòu)形式,如“步行”,可說(shuō)on foot,不說(shuō)by foot,而“乘車”要說(shuō)by bus,不說(shuō)on bus。再如anything but與nothing but兩個(gè)詞組意義完全不同anything but的基本意思是not at all,而nothing but的基本意思是only。英語(yǔ)中的習(xí)語(yǔ)令人眼花繚亂,其構(gòu)成形式有的甚至無(wú)規(guī)律可循。它們通常由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的詞組成,不能任意拆開。其意義常常不是單詞意義的簡(jiǎn)單結(jié)合,而是另外具有新的意義。因此,應(yīng)把詞組作為一個(gè)整體來(lái)記。測(cè)試的目的是檢驗(yàn)考生對(duì)常用詞組的理解和運(yùn)用能力。? eg.Please don't stand in the kitchen door, you're ______ . A.in a way B.by the way C.in no way D.in the way 答案 D。不要站在廚房門口,你擋路了。這四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)都是固定詞組,都有自己的含義。ina way表示“在某種程度上或某點(diǎn)上”;by the way“順便說(shuō)一下”;in no way“決不”;in the way表示“擋路,妨礙”;“阻止”。根據(jù)題意答案應(yīng)為D。學(xué)生面對(duì)這些貌似雜亂無(wú)章,沒有規(guī)律可循的習(xí)慣表達(dá)法,一方面要廣讀多看,博詞強(qiáng)記;另一方面還要會(huì)尋找規(guī)律,學(xué)會(huì)歸納,避免機(jī)械記憶而事倍功半。 總而言之,解答詞匯題的先決條件是對(duì)詞匯的理解和辨析。因此考生平時(shí)要注意弄清楚詞的內(nèi)涵和外部關(guān)系,尤其是要注意了解名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞等實(shí)詞彼此之間以及它們與介詞或副詞之間的搭配關(guān)系。與此同時(shí),還要留心詞的慣用法,把習(xí)語(yǔ)作為一個(gè)整體儲(chǔ)存在腦海里。?
語(yǔ)法命題趨勢(shì)
語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)是考生必須掌握的一個(gè)重要部分。在六級(jí)考試中,語(yǔ)法內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在詞語(yǔ)用法與語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)這一部分(Vocabulary and Structure)。從以往考試的全真題來(lái)看,語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)所占的比例略小于詞語(yǔ)用法,但數(shù)目相差并不多。語(yǔ)法測(cè)試要求考生根據(jù)題目所提供的某種線索,從給出的四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)中選出在語(yǔ)法規(guī)則上、語(yǔ)意邏輯上及文體上與題干完全吻合的最佳答案。從內(nèi)容上來(lái)看,語(yǔ)法部分的測(cè)試強(qiáng)調(diào)全面性,除略微偏重虛擬語(yǔ)氣外,教學(xué)大綱語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)表中的其他語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目幾乎都涉及到了。語(yǔ)法測(cè)試的另一個(gè)重要特點(diǎn)是其特殊性,測(cè)試的重點(diǎn)多為語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目中的特殊點(diǎn),如虛擬語(yǔ)氣中if的省略與倒裝、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與完成體的搭配等。 因此,考生必須在全面、準(zhǔn)確、透徹掌握基本語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步鉆研其中特殊的疑難點(diǎn),并輔以大量的練習(xí),才能順利通過(guò)語(yǔ)法難關(guān)。 語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)部分主要測(cè)試時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)、虛擬語(yǔ)氣、主從復(fù)合句(定語(yǔ)從句、名詞從句、狀語(yǔ)從句等)、句法結(jié)構(gòu)(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型、倒裝語(yǔ)序、獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)等)以及一致問(wèn)題、固定句型等內(nèi)容??忌枰⒁獾氖?,在開始答題之前,一定要對(duì)選擇項(xiàng)及題干進(jìn)行認(rèn)真的分析,辨明該題所要測(cè)試的語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)以及出題者的測(cè)試意圖,只有這樣,在應(yīng)試時(shí)才能做到心中有數(shù),臨場(chǎng)不亂。
一般將來(lái)時(shí)(Simple Future Tense)
一般將來(lái)時(shí)也譯為單純將來(lái)時(shí)。
例A:I shall not come if it rains tomorrow.
(如明天下雨我就不來(lái)。)
例B:My brother will leave for the United States next week.
(我的哥哥下星期要到美國(guó)去。)
解說(shuō) 從句式我們可以了解一般將來(lái)時(shí)的表達(dá)須借助于助動(dòng)詞“shall/will”。關(guān)于“shall/will”的用法,傳統(tǒng)文法談得很多,同時(shí)各文法學(xué)家的理論也不很一致。更重要的是英國(guó)人和美國(guó)人對(duì)“shall/will”的用法規(guī)則并不很一致,也不很嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),所以本書擬只提供下面的五個(gè)規(guī)則,相信各位只要把下面這五個(gè)規(guī)則學(xué)通了,你的“shall/will”的用法就可以中規(guī)中矩了。
①說(shuō)或?qū)懚急M量使用“I'll, You'll, He'll , She'll , It'll, We'll , They'll …”的簡(jiǎn)縮形(如用法例2、3)。
②要表達(dá)主語(yǔ)的“意志”,通常都用“will”(文法上稱為意志將來(lái)。)
例A:I won't see him again.
(我不愿意再和他見面。)
例B:Who will go and help that poor old man?
(誰(shuí)愿意去幫助那個(gè)可憐的老人?)
Mary will . (瑪莉愿意。)
③說(shuō)話者要把自己的“意志”表達(dá)或行使出去,通常用“shall”。
例A:You shall not do that again.
(你不可以再做那樣的事。)
例B:He shall return that book tomorrow.
(明天他必須把那本書歸還。)
④第一人稱問(wèn)句使用“shall”。
例A:Shall I call you a taxi ?
(需要我替你叫一輛出租車嗎?)
例B:Shall we tell her the truth ?
(我們可以把實(shí)情告訴她嗎?)
⑤問(wèn)句是“Shall…?”,答句就用“shall ~”;問(wèn)句用“Will …?”,答句就用“will ~ ”。
例A:Shall you go to school tomorrow ?
(你明天須要上學(xué)去嗎?)
Yes, I shall . We'll have an exam .
(是的,我必須去。我們明天有考試。)
例B:Will you go to school with me tomorrow?
(明天你要不要和我一道去學(xué)校?)
No, I won't . I'm going on a picnic.
(我不要。我已定好要去郊游。)
注:Let's …”的附加疑問(wèn)通常使用“…, shall we ?”。
Let's have a rest, shall we?
(我們休息一下,怎樣?)
一般將來(lái)時(shí)除了使用“shall/will + V…”以外,也可以使用下列的幾種句式來(lái)表達(dá)。
1.be going to + V … (即將會(huì)……;打算將……)
例A:It is going to rain. Take an umbrella with you.
(帶一把傘去??礃幼泳鸵掠炅?。)
例B:The Browns are going to move to Australia.
(布朗先生全家打算遷移到澳大利亞去。)
2.be about to + V (即將……,指緊接著要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。)
例:Let's wait a minute. He is about to arrive.
(我們等一下。他即將會(huì)到達(dá)。)
3.be + V-ing …(定于……,指接近的將來(lái)動(dòng)作。)
例:He is leaving for Hong Kong tomorrow morning.
(他定于明天早晨到香港去。)
4.be + to V (定于……,指預(yù)定的將來(lái)動(dòng)作。)
例:She is to be here at 9:00 a.m. tomorrow.
(她定于明晨九時(shí)到達(dá)這里。)
5.V-(e)s (定于……,指接近的將來(lái)動(dòng)作,但不如第3項(xiàng)主觀。)
例:He leaves for Hong Kong tomorrow morning.
(他定于明天早晨到香港去?!c(3)項(xiàng)的區(qū)別在于(3)項(xiàng)的動(dòng)作是出自主語(yǔ)的決定,(5)項(xiàng)則不一定是出自主語(yǔ)的決定。)
常用于修飾一般將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞有:tomorrow, tomorrow morning (afternoon, evening), next + 時(shí)間 (next night, next Monday …, next week, month…, next summer…, next year), in (the) future (將來(lái)),soon (不久之后),in +時(shí)間 (in five days——再過(guò)五天,in two weeks——再過(guò)二星期),etc.
Drilling Square
Ⅰ.請(qǐng)?jiān)谙铝懈黝}空格處填入shall或will。
1.You ______ not drive through a red light.
2.I ______ do everything for her.
3.______ you help me with this heavy bag, John?
4.______ I help you with that heavy bag, Madam?
5.Let's go and take a walk after dinner, ______ we?
6."No one ______ leave the classroom if I haven't said Okay," said the teacher.
7.It ______ soon be over, I am sure.
8.Do what you ______ , but don't go out.
9.I ______ take you there with me, if it's OK with your mother.
10.Rain or shine, I ______ come.
Ⅱ.請(qǐng)?jiān)谙铝懈黝}空格處就所設(shè)動(dòng)詞給予適當(dāng)?shù)膶?lái)時(shí)。
1.A:How do you want to go to Hualain, by air or by train?
B:I am not in a hurry this time, so I (1) take the train.
2.A:(2) (you like) to go to the game this afternoon?
B:I'd love to. Where (3) (we meet) ?
A:You just stay home and wait for me. I (4) drive my car there, so I (5) (pick) you up at about 1:30 .
3.A:It's a good dictionary . I (6) (buy) it, but I don't have money with me now.
B:Don't worry. I (7) (lend) you.
4.A:I hear Miss Chen (8) leave our school and teach in a bigger school in Taipei.
B:But the principal (校長(zhǎng)) (9) not let her go . He says she (10) teach at least for another semester until he finds a new teacher.
英語(yǔ)中有哪些基本句式
英語(yǔ)句子看上去紛繁龐雜,但仔細(xì)觀察不外乎五個(gè)基本句式。這五個(gè)基本句式可以演變出多種復(fù)雜的英語(yǔ)句子。換言之,絕大多數(shù)英語(yǔ)句子都是由這五個(gè)基本句式生成的。這五個(gè)基本句式如下:
S十V主謂結(jié)構(gòu)
S十V十F主系表結(jié)構(gòu)
S十V十O主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)
S十V十O1十O2 主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)
S十V十O十C 主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)
說(shuō)明:S=主語(yǔ);V=謂語(yǔ);P=表語(yǔ);O=賓語(yǔ);O1=間接賓語(yǔ);O2=直接賓語(yǔ);C=賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
五個(gè)基本句式詳細(xì)解釋如下:
1.S十V句式
在此句式中,V是不及物動(dòng)詞,又叫自動(dòng)詞(vi.)。例如:
He runs quickly.
他跑得快。
They listened carefully.
他們聽得很仔細(xì)。
He suffered from cold and hunger.
他挨凍受餓。
China belongs to the third world country.
中國(guó)屬于第三世界國(guó)家。
The gas has given out.
煤氣用完了。
My ink has run out.
我的鋼筆水用完了。
2.S十V十P句式
在此句式中,V是系動(dòng)詞(link v.),常見的系動(dòng)詞有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如:
He is older than he looks.
他比看上去要老。
He seen interested in the book.
他似乎對(duì)這本書感興趣。
The story sounds interesting.
這個(gè)故事聽起來(lái)有趣。
The desk feels hard.
書桌摸起來(lái)很硬。
The cake tastes nice.
餅嘗起來(lái)很香。
The flowers smell sweet and nicc.
花聞起來(lái)香甜。
You have grown taller than before.
你長(zhǎng)得比以前高了。
He has suddenly fallen ill.
他突然病倒了。
He stood quite still.
他靜靜地站看。
He becomes a teacher when he grew up.
他長(zhǎng)大后當(dāng)了教師。
He could never turn traitor to his country.
他永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)背叛他的祖國(guó)。
注意:有些動(dòng)詞同時(shí)也是及物動(dòng)詞,可構(gòu)成SVO句式,例如:
He looked me up and down.
他上下打量我。
He reached his hand to feel the elephant.
他伸出手來(lái)摸象。
They are tasting the fish.
他們?cè)谄穱L魚。
They grow rice in their home town.
他們?cè)诩亦l(xiāng)種水稻。
He‘s got a chair to sit on.
他有椅子坐。
Please turn the sentence into English.
請(qǐng)把這個(gè)句于澤成英語(yǔ)。
3.S十V十O句式
在此句式中,V是及物動(dòng)詞(vt.),因此有賓語(yǔ)。例如:
I saw a film yesterday.
我昨天看了一部電影。
Have you read the story?
你讀過(guò)這個(gè)故事嗎?
They found their home easily.
他們很容易找到他們的家。
They built a house last year.
他們?nèi)ツ杲艘凰孔印?/p>
They‘ve put up a factory in the village.
他們?cè)诖謇锝艘蛔S。
They have taken good care of the children.
這些孩子他們照看得很好。
You should look after your children well.
你應(yīng)該好好照看你的孩子。
4.S十V十O1十O2句式
在此句式中,V是帶有雙賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞。常見的須帶雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有g(shù)ive,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如:
He gave me a book/a book to me.
他給我一本書。
He brought me a pen/a pen to me.
他帶給我一枝鋼筆。
He offered me his seat/his seat to me.
他把座位讓給我。
注意下邊動(dòng)詞改寫后介詞的變化:
Mother bought me a book/a book for me.
媽媽給我買了一本書。
He got me a chair/a chair for me.
他給我弄了一把椅子。
Please do me a favor/a favor for me.
請(qǐng)幫我一下。
He asked me a question/a question of me.
他問(wèn)我個(gè)問(wèn)題。
注意,下邊動(dòng)詞只有一種說(shuō)法:
They robbed the old man of his money.
他們搶了老人的錢。
He‘s warned me of the danger.
他警告我注意危險(xiǎn)。
The doctor has cured him of his disease.
醫(yī)生治好了他的病。
We must rid the house of th erats.
我們必須趕走屋里的老鼠。
They deprived him of his right to speak.
他們剝奪了他說(shuō)話的權(quán)利。
5.S十V十O十C句式
在此句式中,V是有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞。常帶賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的詞有形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、名詞、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞。
常見的可接賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞很多,哪些動(dòng)詞可接哪幾種形式作賓補(bǔ),須根據(jù)動(dòng)詞的慣用法而定,不能統(tǒng)而概論。請(qǐng)看下面的例子。
They made the girl angry.
他們使這個(gè)女孩生氣了。
They found her happy that day.
他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那天她很高興。
I found him out.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)他出去了。
I saw him in.
我見他在家。
They saw a foot mark in the sand.
他們發(fā)現(xiàn)沙地上有腳印。
They named the boy Charlie.
他們給這個(gè)男孩起名為查理。
I saw him come in and go out.
我見他進(jìn)來(lái)又出去。
They felt the car moving fast.
他們感到汽車行駛得很快。
I heard the glass broken just now.
我剛才聽到玻璃碎了。
He found the doctor of study closed to him.
他發(fā)現(xiàn)研究所的大門對(duì)
他關(guān)閉了。