Stephen Crane的幻燈片，紅色英勇勛章的書評

[美國]斯蒂芬·克萊恩 孫致禮譯注　　 None of them knew the color of the sky. Their eyes glanced level, and were fastened upon the waves that swept toward them. These waves were of the hue of slate, save of the tops, which were of foaming white, and all of the men knew the colors of the sea. The horizon narrowed and widened, and dipped and rose, and at all times its edge was jagged with waves that seemed thrust up in points like rocks.　　 Many a man ought to have a bath-tub larger than the boat which here rode upon the sea. These waves were most wrongfully and barbarously abrupt and tall, and each froth-top was a problem in small boat navigation. 　　 The cook squatted in the bottom and looked with both eyes at the six inches of gunwale which separated him from the ocean. His sleeves were rolled over his fat forearms, and the two flaps of his unbuttoned vest dangled as he bent to bail out the boat. Often he said: Gawd! That was a narrow clip. As he remarked it he invariably gazed eastward over the broken sea.　　 The oilier, steering with one of the two oars in the boat, sometimes raised himself suddenly to keep clear of water that swirled in over the stern. It was a thin little oar and it seemed often ready to snap.　　 The correspondent, pulling at the other oar, watched the waves and wondered why he was there. 　　 The injured captain, lying in the bow, was at this time buried in that profound dejection and indifference which comes, temporarily at least, to even the bravest and most enduring when, wilily nilly, the firm fails, the army loses, the ship goes down. The mind of the master of a vessel is rooted deep in the timbers of her, though he command for a day or a decade, and this captain had on him the stern turned faces, and lower, and down. Thereafter there was something strange in his voice. Although steady, it was deep with mourning, and of a quality beyond oration or tears.　　 Keep' er a little more south, south, Billie, said he. 　　 A little more south,' sir, said the oiler in the stern.　　 A seat in this boat was not unlike a seat upon a bucking broncho, and , by the same token, a broncho is not much smaller. The craft pranced and reared, and plunged like and animal. As each wave came, and she rose for it, she seemed like a horse making at a fence outrageously high. The manner of her scramble over these walls of water is a mystic thing, and , moreover, at the top of them were ordinarily these problems in white water, the foam racing down from the summit of each wave, requiring a new leap, and a leap from the air. Then, after scornfully bumping a crest, she would slide, and race, and splash down a long incline and arrive bobbing and nodding in front of the next menace.　　 A singular disadvantage of the sea lies in the fact that after successfully surmounting one wave you discover that there is another behind it just as important and just as nervously anxious to do something effective in the way of swamping boats. In a ten-foot dingey one can get an idea of the resources of the sea in the line of waves that is not probable to the average experience, which is never at sea in a dingey. As each slaty wall of water approached, it shut all else from the view of the men in the boat, and it was not difficult to imagine that this particular wave was the final outburst of the ocean, the last effort of the grim water. There was a terrible grace int eh move of the waves, and they came in silence, save for the snarling of the crests.　　 In the wan light, the faces of the men must have been gray. Their eyes must have glinted in strange ways as they gazed steadily astern. Viewed from a balcony, the whole thing would doubtlessly have been weirdly picturesque. But the men in the boat had no time to see it, and if they had had leisure there were other things to occupy their minds. The sun swung steadily up the sky, and they knew it was broad day because the color of the sea changed from slate to emerald-green, streaked with amber lights, and the foam was like tumbling snow. 　　 The process of the breaking day was unknown to them. They were aware only of this effect upon the color of the waves that rolled toward them.　　 In disjointed sentences the cook and the correspondent argued as to the difference between lifesaving station and a house of refuge. The cook had said: There's a house of refuge just north of the Mosquito Inlet Light, and as soon as they see us, they'll come off in their boat and pick us up.　　 As soon as who see us? said the correspondent.　　 The crew, said the cook.　　 Houses of refuge don't have crews, said the correspondent. As I understand them, they are only places where clothes and grub are stored for the benefit of shipwrecked people. They don't carry crews.　　 Oh, yes, they do , said the cook.　　 no, they don't, said the correspondent.　　 Well, we're not there yet, anyhow, said the oiler, in the stern.　　 Well, said the cook, perhaps it's not a house of refuge that I'm thinking of as being near Mosquito Inlet Light. Perhaps it's a life-saving station.　　 We're not there yet, said the oiler, in the stern. 　　 他們誰也不知道天空的顏色。

幾雙眼睛平望出去，緊緊盯著朝他們洶涌撲來的波濤。

波濤是暗藍色的，只有浪脊上噴濺著白色的泡沫。

他們幾個人全都知道這海的顏色。

地平線窄了又寬，落了又起，邊緣上總是參差不齊，波浪看上去像巉巖一般尖削地向上搏擊。

　　 漂浮在海上的這條小船，許多人家的浴盆都該比它大。

那陣陣波濤無法無天、飛揚跋扈地翻得又高又陡，每個浪頭都給小船的航行帶來危險。

　　 櫥子蹲在船底，雙眼瞅著那6英寸厚的船舷，他與這汪洋大海就這一舷之隔啊。

他把袖子捋過肥胖的前臂，當他俯身從船里往外舀水時，身上的馬甲因為沒有系上扣，兩片襟子在蕩來蕩去。

他不時說道：“天哪

好險啊

”他說話時，眼睛總是向東凝視著那波浪滔滔的大海。

　　 加油工在用兩把槳中的一把劃著船，有時猛然抬起身子，閃開由船尾漩進的海水。

那是一把細細的小槳，好像隨時都會啪的一聲折斷似的。

　　 記者劃著另一把槳。

他注視著波浪，奇怪自己為何置身此處。

　　 受傷的船長躺在船頭，此刻陷入極度的沮喪與冷淡之中。

如果事情不顧人意，出現(xiàn)商行倒閉、軍隊敗北、船只沉沒等情況，即使最有勇氣、最堅忍不拔的人，也會產(chǎn)生這種心情，至少暫時如此。

一個身為一船之長的人，不論他指揮了一天還是十年，他的心深深地植根于船上的一筋一骨。

更何況，這位船長頭腦中還留著如此嚴酷的景象：晨曦蒙朧中，海上漂著7張翻轉(zhuǎn)的面孔，后來又見到一根中桅的殘桿，上面還綴著一只白球，在隨波沖蕩，越來越往下沉，最后沉下海去。

此后，他的聲音就變得有點奇怪了，雖說還很鎮(zhèn)定，但卻帶著深沉的哀傷，帶著一種口舌和淚水所無法表達的特質(zhì)。

　　 “比利，把船再向南轉(zhuǎn)一轉(zhuǎn)，”他說。

　　 “是，‘再向南轉(zhuǎn)一轉(zhuǎn)，’船長，”加油工在船尾回道。

　　 坐在這只船上，簡直就像坐在一只狂蹦亂跳的野馬上，何況，野馬也不比那船小多少。

那船騰躍，豎起，栽下，就和那野馬一樣。

每逢浪頭打來，小船因此而顛起時，它好似一匹烈馬身高聳的柵欄撲去。

那船如何攀越過一道道水墻，實在令人不可思議。

況且，到了滔滔的白色浪脊上，通常還存在這樣的問題：浪花每次從浪峰上俯沖下來，小船就必須跟著再跳一次，而且是凌空一跳。

接著，小船目空一切地撞上一個浪頭之后，便滑下一道長坡，風馳電掣，水花四濺，顛顛晃晃地來到了下一個威脅跟前。

　　 大海上有個特別不利的情況：當你成功地越過一個浪頭之后，你發(fā)現(xiàn)后邊又有一個浪頭接踵而至，一樣的氣勢洶洶，一樣的急不可待，非要想方設法把小船吞沒不可。

在一條10英尺長的小船上，一個人可以了解大海如何善于興風作浪，而對于從未乘小船在海上漂流的一般人來說，這是無法了解的。

每逢一垛暗藍色的水墻涌來，船上的人便給擋得什么也看不見，因而也就不難設想，這個浪頭是大海的最后一次爆發(fā)，是海水的最后一次逞兇。

波濤的運動極為優(yōu)雅，靜靜地蕩來，只有浪脊在咆哮。

　　 在慘淡的光線中，那幾個人的面孔準是灰白色的。

他們目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地盯著船尾，眼睛準是在奇怪地閃爍著。

若是從陽臺上看去，這整個場面無疑是神奇而迷人的。

但是，船上的人卻無暇來觀賞，即使有這閑暇，他們心里還要想著別的事情。

太陽冉冉地升上天空，他們知道是大白天了，因為海的顏色由暗藍變成了碧綠，上面還夾帶著琥珀色的光道，而那浪花好似滾滾白雪。

夜去晝來的過程，他們并不知曉。

他們只是從滾滾而來的浪濤的顏色上察覺到這番變化。

　　 廚子和記者在爭辯救護站與收容所有何區(qū)別，說起話來前言不拱后語。

廚子說：“就在蚊子灣燈塔的北邊，有一個收容所，他們一看到我們，就會乘船來接我們。

”　　 “誰一看到我們

”記者問。

　　 “水手們，”廚子說。

　　 “收容所里沒有水手，”記者證說。

“據(jù)我了解，收容所只是為船只失事的人準備衣服和食品的地方。

他們沒有水手。

”　　 “噢，有的，他們有的，”廚子說。

　　 “沒有，他們沒有，”記者說。

　　 “算啦，不管怎么說，我們還沒到那兒呢，”加油工在船尾說。

　　 “嗯，”廚子說，“我看離蚊子灣燈塔不遠處，也許不是收容所，說不定是個救護站。

”　　 “我們還沒到那兒呢，”加油工在船尾說。

　　 　　 　　注 釋：　　　　(1)蒂芬·克萊恩（1871——1900）是美國著名作家，以《紅色英勇勛章》、《街頭女郎瑪吉》以及一些短篇小說聞名于世。

The Open Boat是他最膾灸人口的短篇名著，此處選譯的是該小說的第一節(jié)。

　　(2)gunwale：船的（上部）舷側(cè)（the upper sides of a boat）。

　　(3)That was a narrow clip：（情況）真險呀。

　　(4)willy nilly：副詞，也寫作willy-nilly，意為“不管（你）愿意不愿意”。

　　(5)…though he command：此處用的是虛擬語態(tài)，因而command未作詞尾變化。

　　(6)…beyond oration or tears：是言語和眼淚無法表達的。

　　(7)…by the same token：在此為“不單如此，而且，況且”的意思。

　　(8)…which is never at sea in a dingey：which的先導詞為the average experience,意思是說：一般人從未有過乘小船在海上漂流的經(jīng)歷。

　　(9)…the last effort of the grim water：試比較“無情的海水的最后一次努力”和“海水的最后一次逞兇”兩種譯法，哪一種譯法更好

好在何處

　　(10)ight：在此意為“燈塔”(lighthouse)。

海明威生平經(jīng)歷。

大約600字概括下來。

歐內(nèi)斯特·米勒爾·海明威（1899年7月21日－1961年7月2日），美國記者和作家，被認為是20世紀最著名的小說家之一。

海明威出生于美國伊利諾伊州芝加哥市郊區(qū)的奧克帕克，晚年在愛達荷州凱徹姆的家中自殺身亡。

海明威一生中的感情錯綜復雜，先后結過四次婚，是美國“迷惘的一代”（Lost Generation）作家中的代表人物，作品中對人生、世界、社會都表現(xiàn)出了迷茫和彷徨。

在海明威一生之中曾榮獲不少獎項。

他在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)期間被授予銀制勇敢勛章；1953年，他以《老人與?！芬粫@得普立策獎；1954年，《老人與?！酚譃楹Ｃ魍Z得諾貝爾文學獎。

2001年，海明威的《太陽照樣升起》（The Sun Also Rises）與《永別了，武器》兩部作品被美國現(xiàn)代圖書館列入“20世紀中的100部最佳英文小說”中。

海明威被譽為美利堅民族的精神豐碑，并且是“新聞體”小說的創(chuàng)始人，他的筆鋒一向以“文壇硬漢”著稱。

海明威的寫作風格以簡潔著稱，對美國文學及20世紀文學的發(fā)展有極深遠的影響。

約翰·巴斯隆的擊殺數(shù)字是真的嗎

《老人與海》，《永別了，武器》《喪鐘為誰而鳴》、《在我們的時代里》、《太陽照常升起》、《有的和沒有有的》、《第五縱隊》

求助

1400年到1800年的美國文學作品

《戰(zhàn)斗在1800年前》《生死之間》其他的我找不到了