著名童話故事作家安徒生的一篇著名的童話故事《賣火柴的小女孩》主要講了一個賣火柴的小女孩在富人合家歡樂，舉杯共慶的大年夜凍死在街頭的故事。
安徒生童話：賣火柴的小女孩
圣誕節(jié)前夕。
天氣真冷，還下著雪，刮著北風(fēng)。
有位失去母親的小女孩，為了養(yǎng)活生病的爸爸，冒著風(fēng)雪去賣火柴。
“火柴，誰要火柴?！?/p>
她沒有棉衣，穿著一條舊裙子，頭上圍著一條破頭巾，腳上穿著一雙拖鞋。她沿街叫賣，可是沒有一個人理好。
人們都在準(zhǔn)備圣誕禮物，高高興興，歡歡喜喜，小姑娘多可憐啊!她有許多火柴，全部都包在一個舊圍裙里，手里拿著幾根。
已經(jīng)中午了，她一根火柴也沒賣掉。她又餓又凍地向前走，雪花落在金黃的長發(fā)上。她走到一幢樓房的窗前，朝里張望。啊!屋里那棵圣誕樹多漂亮啊，一位母親正和兩個孩子在玩耍，那孩子該多幸福啊，桌子上還點著許多彩色的蠟燭，有紅的、黃的、綠的、白的，她最喜歡那些紅色的蠟燭，在桌上格外顯眼。 看到這里，小女孩想起了她的祖母和媽媽，她們最疼愛她，可是，她們都去世了，想著想著，小女孩哭了。
哭著哭著，她又走上了大街，突然，“轟隆”一聲，一輛馬車經(jīng)過，差一點將她撞倒。
馬車飛一樣跑過去了，小女孩的身上沾滿了泥水，而且拖鞋也丟了，她只好赤著腳，在雪地里喊著：
“火柴，誰要火柴。”
夜幕已經(jīng)降臨，小女孩的腳已凍得發(fā)紅發(fā)青。大街上到處都是烤鵝肉的香味。 “啊，有錢的人家準(zhǔn)備過節(jié)了?！?/p>
她實在走不動了，疲乏地縮在一個墻角里。她不敢回家，因為她沒有賣掉一根火柴。家里而且也很冷，風(fēng)可以從許多地方刮進(jìn)屋子里來。
她凍得發(fā)抖，她需要溫暖，哪怕有一根火柴的光和熱也好。
她的一雙小手幾乎凍僵了。太冷了。她決定劃著一根火柴，讓它燃燒。
“哧!”火柴燃燒了，象一雜溫暖、光明的火焰，小女孩覺得象坐在火爐旁一樣?；馃媚敲礆g，那么暖，那么美!這是怎么回事呢?當(dāng)小女孩剛剛伸出她一雙腳，打算暖和一下時，火焰忽然熄滅了?；馉t也不見了。她坐在那兒，手中只有燒過的火柴。 她又劃了一根火柴，火柴燃燒起來，發(fā)出了光。
墻上有亮光照著的那塊地方突然變得透明，象一片薄紗，她可以看到房間里的東西，有餡餅，有烤鵝，更有趣是的，這只烤鵝從盤子里跳出來了，它的背上插著刀叉，正在地上走著呢，一直向小女孩走過來。她伸出手去，火柴又熄滅了，她摸到的是冰冷的墻壁。
她又劃了一根火柴，火柴燃燒起來，變成一朵粉紅色的光焰。
她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己坐在一棵美麗的圣誕樹下，比中午見到的那棵圣誕樹還要大，還要美麗。它的樹枝上有幾千只蠟燭。小女孩把雙手伸過去，火柴又熄滅了。幾千只蠟燭都變成了明亮的星星。這些星星中有一顆落下來，在天空中劃出一條長長的亮光。 她又劃了一根火柴。
啊，火光中出現(xiàn)了她日日夜夜思念的老祖母，她撲進(jìn)老祖母的懷抱。
“祖母!”小女孩叫起來?！罢埌盐?guī)ё甙?帶到那沒有寒冷，沒有饑餓的地方。我知道，這根火柴一熄滅，你就會不見了。就象那溫暖的火爐，那美麗的烤鵝，那幸福的圣誕樹一樣，我什么也看不見了?！?/p>
于是，小女孩把剩下的火柴全劃著了，因為她非常想把祖母留住。
火柴發(fā)出更加強(qiáng)烈的光芒，照得周圍比白天還要明亮，祖母是那樣慈祥，她把小女孩抱起來了，她們在光明和幸福中飛走了。越飛越高，真的.到了沒有寒冷，沒有饑餓的地方。 新年的早晨，人們看到小女孩仍坐在墻角里，她雙頰通紅，臉上帶著幸福的微笑?？墒?，她已經(jīng)死了，凍死在圣誕節(jié)的夜晚，她手里仍握著一把燒過的火柴梗。
作品主題
真實是文學(xué)作品感人的生命力，任何虛假的演示和一切虛偽的夸張都不足以引發(fā)讀者的感情共鳴，安徒生在《賣火柴的小女孩》中對這個可憐小女孩不幸命運(yùn)描寫的同時，也對這個孩子在饑寒交迫、孤立無助的情況下，對她的心理活動進(jìn)行了細(xì)致描寫，尤其是寫她對美食、溫暖和親情的幻想。作家細(xì)致地描寫了小女孩關(guān)于溫暖的火爐、肥美的烤鵝、美麗的圣誕樹和慈愛的奶奶這四個幻想片段，而這樣的幻想，恰恰是當(dāng)時資本主義制度下貧苦民眾的難以實現(xiàn)其美好愿望，無法保障溫飽的心理反應(yīng)。而這樣的幻想?yún)s有別于童話世界中那些銅頭鐵臂、青面撩牙、飛沙走石般的幻想式的描寫，她直接取材于現(xiàn)實生活，是當(dāng)時歐洲資本主義社會不平等現(xiàn)實的最真切反映，人物是隨處可見的，故事是隨時都可以發(fā)生的。
悲劇的力量在于把美好撕破給人看，《賣火柴的小女孩》是對一個花季少女純潔靈魂的摧殘，這個可憐的女孩連最起碼的溫飽都失去的一瞬間，仍然保持著對美好情境的向往，這或許就是人性的本真所在，而作家安徒生恰恰是把這個弱小生命的凄苦和悲慘命運(yùn)與她對美好情境的向往與破滅疊化在一起描寫的，這增強(qiáng)了人物形象的藝術(shù)感染力。文章這樣描寫到“兩腮通紅，嘴上帶著微笑”，在幻景中看到過“溫暖的大火爐、噴香的烤鵝、美麗的圣誕樹，慈愛的奶奶”，在幻想中和奶奶一起飛向天國去尋找那“沒有寒冷，沒有饑餓，也沒有痛苦”的生活。作者把小女孩美麗的幻景與她面臨的冷酷的現(xiàn)實疊化在一起描寫，對罪惡的資本主義社會進(jìn)行了無情的鞭笞。
適用話題：生命、安全、拐賣、嚴(yán)懲、真相、心痛、人性
近日，網(wǎng)上一段山東東營失蹤15年的女子牟翠翠疑變殘在貴州賣唱乞討的視頻，引發(fā)輿論關(guān)注。
12日晚，有媒體記者從貴州省桐梓縣網(wǎng)安部門獲悉，當(dāng)?shù)匾颜业奖暇W(wǎng)友唐X飛，她稱疑似視頻中的殘疾女子在當(dāng)?shù)爻栊衅騼商熘缶碗x開，沒有再出現(xiàn)過。
在調(diào)查中，另有一名叫許X貴的貴陽市居民稱，視頻中的女子就住在其家對面，是貴陽修文縣人，并非是山東失蹤人員牟翠翠。目前，對于視頻中女子的真實身份，桐梓縣警方仍在核查中。
15年前，山東省廣饒縣花官鎮(zhèn)的牟翠翠出走失蹤，始終沒有音訊。家人先后到菏澤、臨沂、淄博、濱州等多個城市尋找，但每次都失望而歸。
一次偶然的機(jī)會，翠翠的弟弟牟紅飛在網(wǎng)上看到了一段視頻，畫面里雖是一名殘疾女子在唱歌乞討，視頻中的女子容貌并不清晰，雙臂殘缺，而走失前的翠翠只有16歲，初中還沒有畢業(yè)，身體健康，并無殘疾。
牟家人在反復(fù)看過這段視頻數(shù)百次后，確認(rèn)這名唱歌的殘疾女子就是牟翠翠。翠翠的母親劉秀英在看到視頻后也認(rèn)為這就是失蹤了15年的女兒。
網(wǎng)上流傳疑似牟翠翠的視頻
視頻中，一位沒有四肢的女孩胳膊上綁著話筒，歌聲溫柔悅耳。不時有路過的行人在女孩面前的白色小筐里放進(jìn)幾塊零錢，女孩都會鞠躬致謝，賣唱所用的音響里也會傳出一個男子 “謝謝”的.聲音，但女孩并沒有停下自己的歌聲。
為了尋找視頻中的女子，牟家人向網(wǎng)友求助?！耙曨l中發(fā)現(xiàn)疑似2002年7月12日從廣饒縣一紡織廠走失的東營廣饒縣花官鎮(zhèn)李樓村牟翠翠，因瑣事離家出走15年，家人苦尋15年……”
牟紅飛說，看到視頻里女孩斷手?jǐn)嗄_的樣子，父母很心疼。家里人都懷疑，翠翠出走后不久就被拐賣到了荒山野林里，所以沒有辦法聯(lián)系家里。關(guān)于視頻里疑似翠翠的女孩現(xiàn)在沒有四肢的殘疾狀態(tài)，很多人都認(rèn)為是被人傷害致殘，而牟紅飛則表示，不敢想象姐姐遭遇了什么，只想盡快找到她。
到今年為止，家里人已經(jīng)15年沒有翠翠的消息了。根據(jù)中國失蹤人口檔案庫資料顯示，牟翠翠出生于1986年6月30日，籍貫山東省東營市廣饒縣李樓村，2002年7月12日(網(wǎng)站登記為2003年)失蹤于山東省廣饒縣澳亞紡織廠。身高167厘米左右，腦后長有一縷黃色頭發(fā)。
天氣冷得可怕。正在下雪，黑暗的夜幕開始垂下來了。這是這年最后的一夜——新年的前夕。在這樣的寒冷和黑暗中，有一個光頭赤腳的小女孩正在街上走著。是的，她離開家的時候還穿著一雙拖鞋，但那又有什么用呢?那是一雙非常大的拖鞋——那么大，最近她媽媽一直在穿著。當(dāng)她匆忙地越過街道的時候，兩輛馬車飛奔著闖過來，弄得小姑娘把鞋跑落了。有一只她怎樣也尋不到，另一只又被一個男孩子撿起來，拿著逃走了。男孩子還說，等他將來有孩子的時候，可以把它當(dāng)做一個搖籃來使用。
現(xiàn)在小姑娘只好赤著一雙小腳走。小腳已經(jīng)凍得發(fā)紅發(fā)青了。她有許多火柴包在一個舊圍裙里;她手中還拿著一扎。這一整天誰也沒有向她買過一根;誰也沒有給她一個銅板。
可憐的小姑娘!她又餓又凍得向前走，簡直是一幅愁苦的畫面。雪花落到她金黃的長頭發(fā)上——它卷曲地散落在她的肩上，看上去非常美麗。不過她并沒有想到自己漂亮。所有的窗子都射出光來，街上飄著一股烤鵝肉①的香味。的確，這是除夕。她在想這件事情。
那兒有兩座房子，其中一座房子比另一座更向街心伸出一點，她便在這個墻角里坐下來，縮作一團(tuán)。她把一雙小腳也縮進(jìn)來，不過她感到更冷。她不敢回家里去，因為她沒有賣掉一根火柴，沒有賺到一個銅板。她的父親一定會打她，而且家里也是很冷的，因為他們頭上只有一個可以灌進(jìn)風(fēng)來的屋頂，雖然最大的裂口已經(jīng)用草和破布堵住了。
她的一雙小手幾乎凍僵了。唉!哪怕一根小火柴對她也是有好處的。只要她敢抽出一根來，在墻上擦著了，就可以暖暖手!最后她抽出一根來了。哧!它燃起來了，冒出火光來了!當(dāng)她把手覆在上面的時候，它便變成了一朵溫暖、光明的火焰，像是一根小小的蠟燭。這是一道美麗的小光!小姑娘覺得真像坐在一個鐵火爐旁邊一樣：它有光亮的黃銅圓捏手和黃銅爐身，火燒得那么歡，那么暖，那么美!唉，這是怎么一回事兒?當(dāng)小姑娘剛剛伸出一雙腳，打算暖一暖腳的時候，火焰就忽然熄滅了!火爐也不見了。她坐在那兒，手中只有燒過了的火柴。
她又擦了一根。它燃起來了，發(fā)出光來了。墻上有亮光照著的那塊地方，現(xiàn)在變得透明，像一片薄紗;她可以看到房間里的東西：桌上鋪著雪白的臺布，上面有精致的碗盤，填滿了梅子和蘋果的、冒著香氣的烤鵝。更美妙的事情是：這只鵝從盤子里跳出來了，背上插著刀叉，蹣跚地在地上走著，一直向這個窮苦的小姑娘面前走來。這時火柴就熄滅了;她面前只有一堵又厚又冷的墻。
她點了另一根火柴。現(xiàn)在她是坐在美麗的圣誕樹下面。上次圣誕節(jié)時，她透過玻璃門，看到一個富有商人家里的一株圣誕樹;可是現(xiàn)在這一株比那株還要大，還要美。它的綠枝上燃著幾千支蠟燭;彩色的.圖畫，跟櫥窗里掛著的那些一樣美麗，在向她眨眼。這個小姑娘把兩只手伸過去。于是火柴就熄滅了。圣誕節(jié)的燭光越升越高。她看到它們現(xiàn)在變成了明亮的星星。這些星星有一顆落下來了，在天上劃出一條長長的光線。
“現(xiàn)在又有一個什么人死去了②，”小姑娘說，因為她的老祖母曾經(jīng)說過：天上落下一顆星，地上就有一個靈魂升到了上帝那兒去。老祖母是唯一對她好的人，但是現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)死了。
她在墻上又擦了一根火柴。它把四周都照亮了;在這光亮中老祖母出現(xiàn)了。她顯得那么光明，那么溫柔，那么和藹。
“祖母!”小姑娘叫起來。“啊!請把我?guī)ё甙?我知道，這火柴一滅掉，你就會不見了，你就會像那個溫暖的火爐、那只美麗的烤鵝、那棵幸福的圣誕樹一樣地不見了!”
于是她急忙把整束火柴中剩下的火柴都擦亮了，因為她非常想把祖母留住。這些火柴發(fā)出強(qiáng)烈的光芒，照得比大白天還要明朗。祖母從來沒有像現(xiàn)在這樣顯得美麗和高大。她把小姑娘抱起來，摟到懷里。她們兩人在光明和快樂中飛走了，越飛越高，飛到既沒有寒冷，也沒有饑餓，也沒有憂愁的那塊地方——她們是跟上帝在一起。
不過在一個寒冷的早晨，這個小姑娘卻坐在一個墻角里;她的雙頰通紅，嘴唇發(fā)出微笑，她已經(jīng)死了——在舊年的除夕凍死了。新年的太陽升起來了，照著她小小的尸體!她坐在那兒，手中還捏著火柴——其中有一扎差不多都燒光了。
“她想把自己暖和一下，”人們說。誰也不知道：她曾經(jīng)看到過多么美麗的東西，她曾經(jīng)是多么光榮地跟祖母一起，走到新年的幸福中去。
①烤鵝肉是丹麥?zhǔn)フQ節(jié)和除夕晚餐中的一個主菜。
②北歐人的迷信：世界上有一個人，天上便有一顆星。一顆星的隕落象征一個人的死亡。
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賣火柴的小女孩英文版：
The Little Match-Seller
IT was terribly cold and nearly dark on the last evening of the old year, and the snow was falling fast. In the cold and the darkness, a poor little girl, with bare head and naked feet, roamed through the streets. It is true she had on a pair of slippers when she left home, but they were not of much use. They were very large, so large, indeed, that they had belonged to her mother, and the poor little creature had lost them in running across the street to avoid two carriages that were rolling along at a terrible rate. One of the slippers she could not find, and a boy seized upon the other and ran away with it, saying that he could use it as a cradle, when he had children of his own. So the little girl went on with her little naked feet, which were quite red and blue with the cold. In an old apron she carried a number of matches, and had a bundle of them in her hands. No one had bought anything of her the whole day, nor had anyone given her even a penny. Shivering with cold and hunger, she crept along; poor little child, she looked the picture of misery. The snowflakes fell on her long, fair hair, which hung in curls on her shoulders, but she regarded them not.
Lights were shining from every window, and there was a savory smell of roast goose, for it was New-year’s eve—yes, she remembered that. In a corner, between two houses, one of which projected beyond the other, she sank down and huddled herself together. She had drawn her little feet under her, but she could not keep off the cold; and she dared not go home, for she had sold no matches, and could not take home even a penny of money. Her father would certainly beat her; besides, it was almost as cold at home as here, for they had only the roof to cover them, through which the wind howled, although the largest holes had been stopped up with straw and rags. Her little hands were almost frozen with the cold. Ah! perhaps a burning match might be some good, if she could draw it from the bundle and strike it against the wall, just to warm her fingers. She drew one out—“scratch!” how it sputtered as it burnt! It gave a warm, bright light, like a little candle, as she held her hand over it. It was really a wonderful light. It seemed to the little girl that she was sitting by a large iron stove, with polished brass feet and a brass ornament. How the fire burned! and seemed so beautifully warm that the child stretched out her feet as if to warm them, when, lo! the flame of the match went out, the stove vanished, and she had only the remains of the half-burnt match in her hand.
She rubbed another match on the wall. It burst into a flame, and where its light fell upon the wall it became as transparent as a veil, and she could see into the room. The table was covered with a snowy white table-cloth, on which stood a splendid dinner service, and a steaming roast goose, stuffed with apples and dried plums. And what was still more wonderful, the goose jumped down from the dish and waddled across the floor, with a knife and fork in its breast, to the little girl. Then the match went out, and there remained nothing but the thick, damp, cold wall before her.
She lighted another match, and then she found herself sitting under a beautiful Christmas-tree. It was larger and more beautifully decorated than the one which she had seen through the glass door at the rich merchant’s. Thousands of tapers were burning upon the green branches, and colored pictures, like those she had seen in the show-windows, looked down upon it all. The little one stretched out her hand towards them, and the match went out.
The Christmas lights rose higher and higher, till they looked to her like the stars in the sky. Then she saw a star fall, leaving behind it a bright streak of fire. “Someone is dying,” thought the little girl, for her old grandmother, the only one who had ever loved her, and who was now dead, had told her that when a star falls, a soul was going up to God.
She again rubbed a match on the wall, and the light shone round her; in the brightness stood her old grandmother, clear and shining, yet mild and loving in her appearance. “Grandmother,” cried the little one, “O take me with you; I know you will go away when the match burns out; you will vanish like the warm stove, the roast goose, and the large, glorious Christmas-tree.” And she made haste to light the whole bundle of matches, for she wished to keep her grandmother there. And the matches glowed with a light that was brighter than the noon-day, and her grandmother had never appeared so large or so beautiful. She took the little girl in her arms, and they both flew upwards in brightness and joy far above the earth, where there was neither cold nor hunger nor pain, for they were with God.
In the dawn of morning there lay the poor little one, with pale cheeks and smiling mouth, leaning against the wall; she had been frozen to death on the last evening of the year; and the New-year’s sun rose and shone upon a little corpse! The child still sat, in the stiffness of death, holding the matches in her hand, one bundle of which was burnt. “She tried to warm herself,” said some. No one imagined what beautiful things she had seen, nor into what glory she had entered with her grandmother, on New-year’s day.
